企业多层次信息技术与业务匹配的动态性——基于海尔的案例研究

Dynamics of Organizational Multi-Level Business-IT Alignment:A Case Study of Haier

本文基于复杂适应系统理论,建立了企业多层次信息技术与业务匹配模型,选取海尔集团作为案例进行研究,分析动态环境中个体层次至战略层次信息技术与业务匹配的涌现机理和动态过程。研究发现:(1)影响BITA动态变化的因素包括企业的内部环境(企业战略、管理模式、企业规模、业务经理和IT经理之间的关系等)和外部环境(如国家政策、市场竞争环境、新兴IT出现等);(2)动态环境中,业务经理和IT经理的有效沟通和常态化交互是实现战略层次信息技术与业务高度匹配的前提;(3)企业发展过程中,可以实施BITA的演化性变化保持稳定的增长,当环境剧烈变化时,可以利用BITA的革命性变化促进打破原先不相匹配的战略和结构,抓住稍逊即逝的商业机遇。本文基于海尔集团的案例所总结的启示,对我国企业实施信息技术与业务的动态匹配具有参考价值。

Based on theory of complex adaptive systems,this study bring forward a multi-level business and IT alignment（ BITA） model,conducte a longitudinal case study of Haier Group,and analyze the dynamic process and emergence mechanism from individual-level to strategy-level BITA in dynamic environments. The results suggest that：（ 1） Internal（ e. g.,business strategy,management pattern,firm scale,and relationship between business and IT executives） and external（ e.g.,national policies,competitive environments,and emerging information technologies） factors influence dynamics of Haier Group＇s BITA;（ 2） In the dynamic environments,effective communications and interactions between business and IT executives play antecedent roles in realizing strategy-level alignment;（ 3） During the process of firms＇ development,firms can keep steady growth through long periods of evolutionary changes,while they can break former unaligned pattern and seize fleeting business opportunities through short periods of revolutionary changes. Based upon practical implications from Haier Group＇s case study,this paper provides some managerial guidelines for Chinese firms to realize dynamic BITA.