直面异化本身:从“异化劳动”到“异化历史”——论马克思异化理论的超越本性

Face Alienation Itself:from“Alienated Labor”to“Alienated History”——On the Transcendence of the Marx's Alienation

学界中曾有人质疑:马克思哲学后期的异化理论"衰退了",但是,经过研究以为:马克思的异化理论从"异化劳动"到"异化历史"的转变彰显了其超越本性:其一,马克思将异化置于历史中考查并将其视为人类社会实践中特定的历史阶段,超越了先前只将异化置于与人类劳动本性的对立地位,进而实践性地超越了带有某种解释性理论的先定预设;其二,马克思直面异化本身并寻求内在其中社会变革的现实契机,超越了因对异化的过度批判而造成其被泛化、抽象化。正是这样,不仅能够有效地反驳上述质疑,而且,自从唯物主义历史观在《德意志意识形态》中确立以来直至形成于最终颇具影响的《资本论》,马克思正视了人类社会的"异化阶段"并洞察了其中所蕴含的肯定性历史因素。

There are some doubts in the academic circles： Marxist philosophy＇s theory of alienation is “ recession”, but the thoughts of Marx＇s alienation from the“ alienation labor” to“ alienation history” shift underscores its transcending nature： first, Marx put alienation in examination and regard it as the human society in the history of practice of the specific historical stage, beyond the previously only puts alienation of nature and human labor, and practicality to transcend the has some explanatory theory to set the default; Second, Marx face alienation itself and seek to inner of the reality of social change, beyond the excessive criticism of the alienation caused by generalization and abstraction. Is such, since the historical materialism in the German ideology since established until forming to the final effect Capital, Marx seriously explore the“ alienation”stage of human society and the insight into the history of positive factors which implied.