基于数学建模的城市出租车供需分配方案设计

The Design of Supply-demand Dllocation of Urban Taxi Resource Based on the Mathematical Modeling

随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市人口密集程度越来越严重,出租车资源分配不合理导致的"打车难"问题日益突出。本文应用数学建模方法引入供需平衡比与里程利用率作为指标,对城市一日内出行高峰与非高峰时段的不同行政区域进行供需关系分析。首先,利用供需平衡法预测出租车需求量,同时结合空载率得到出租车供应量,计算供需平衡比;其次通过求解出租车有效里程得到里程利用率。以西安市为例,确定参数后分析上述指标,得到西安市不同时段、不同地区的出租车资源供需匹配程度,其中出行早高峰以及城市核心区(莲湖、碑林)和城市扩张区(长安、临潼)供需矛盾尤为突出。

With the advancement of urbanization and the density of urban population, the problem of＂hard to take a taxi＂caused by unreasonable allocation of taxi resources is increasingly prominent. Applying mathematics modeling and introducing the mileage utilization rate as index, this paper makes an analysis of the relationship between the supply and demand during the traffic peak hours and off-peak hours in the different administrative areas. First of all, using the balance method between supply and demand, the paper forecasts the demand of taxi, using the empty loading rate, it forecasts the supply of taxi, then calculates the balance ratio between supply and demand. Secondly, by calculating effective taxi mileage, it reaches mileage utilization. Set Xi＇an as an example, determining parameters and analyzing above indexes, the supply and demand matching degree of taxi resources is reached at different times in different regions including traffic morning rush, the urban core（lotus lakes,the forest of steles） and urban expansion area（Chang＇an, Lingtong）, the contradiction between supply and demand in these areas is particularly prominent.