红外相机技术监测喀斯特生境兽类和鸟类多样性及活动节律

Infrared camera traps for monitoring mammal and bird diversity and activity pattern in Limestone habitats

2012年8月至2013年11月,在15 hm^2弄岗森林动态监测样地及其周边地区以1台/2 hm^2密度布设了35台红外相机,对研究区域内大中型兽类和林下鸟类资源进行连续监测。共记录到20种兽类和26种鸟类,包括2种国家I级、8种国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物。其中,小泡巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)、帚尾豪猪(Atherurus macrourus)、赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)、北树鼩(Tupaia belangeri)、赤麂(Muntiacus muntjak)等5种动物拍摄率和相对丰富度均居于兽类的前5位;白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、橙头地鸫(Zoothera citrina)和蓝背八色鸫(Pitta soror)的相对丰富度居于鸟类的前3位。虽然每月监测的兽类和鸟类种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均不存在显著的季节性差异,但不同季节记录到的兽类和鸟类种类存在一定差异。黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)、野猪(Sus scrofa)2种兽类和斑头鸺鹠(Glaucidium cuculoides)、长尾阔嘴鸟(Psarisomus dalhousiae)、红胁蓝尾鸲(Tarsiger cyanurus)3种鸟类仅在旱季记录到;仙八色鸫(Pitta nympha)和凤头鹰(Accipiter trivirgatus)仅在雨季记录到。活动节律分析结果表明赤麂、北树鼩、赤腹松鼠和白鹇为昼行性动物,帚尾豪猪与小泡巨鼠为夜行性动物。以上研究结果有助于监测喀斯特生境大中型兽类和林下鸟类种群的变化,为保护区有效管理提供数据支持。

In this study, we deployed 35 infrared cameras in a 15 ha Nonggang Forest Dynamics Plot to monitor large and medium-sized mammals and forest birds from August 2012 to November 2013. We used a camera-trapping gild system in the main study area, with an approximate density of one camera per 2 ha. We identified 20 mammal species and 26 bird species from the camera traps. Two species were category I state key protected wild animals and eight species were category II state key protected wild animals. Based on the relative abundance index, Edward＇ s long-tailed rat （Leopoldamys ed- wardsi） , Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine （Atherurus macrourus） , Pallas＇ s squirrel （ Callosciurus erythraeus ） , north tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri） and red muntjac （Muntiacus muntjak） were ranked as the top five most abundant mammal spe- cies. Silver pheasant （Lophura nycthemera） , orange-headed thrush （Zoothera citrina） and blue-rumped pitta （Pitta soror） were ranked as the three most common bird species. There was no significant seasonal variation in monthly species number,Shannon-Wiener index, and Evenness index, but there was a difference in mammal and bird species present between dry and wet season. Francois＇ s langur （ Trachypithecus francoisi）, wild boar （Sus scrofa）, Asian barred owlet （ Glaucidium cuculoides）, long-tailed broadbill （Psarisomus dalhousiae）, red-flanked bush robin （Tarsiger cyanurus） were only photo- graphed in the dry season, and fairy pitta （Pitta nympha） and crested goshawk （Accipiter trivirgatus） were only photo- graphed in the rainy season. Red muntjac, north tree shrew, Pallas＇ ssquirrel and silver pheasant were diurnal animals, while Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine and Edward＇ s long-tailed rat were nocturnal animals. Our results provide valuable data for monitoring the population status of the large and medium-sized mammals and forest birds in limestone habitats, and can provide guidelines for future research and protection management.