四川省老河沟自然保护区兽类多样性红外相机调查

Camera-trapping survey on the mammal diversity of the Laohegou Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province

自然保护区的生物物种编目是区域性和全国性生物多样性研究与监测的基础,而红外相机调查技术已成为兽类物种编目的重要手段之一。老河沟自然保护区位于四川省岷山北部,地处大熊猫岷山种群分布核心地区,是2012年新建保护区。从2011年至2014年,我们把保护区划分为1 km×1 km的方格,采用红外相机技术,对区内的兽类多样性进行了系统全面的调查。经过9 188个相机日的调查,共记录到分属7目18科的兽类。其中,有81 709份记录可以鉴定出具体物种,包括野生兽类24种,家畜1种(家狗),分属5目14科,有效探测数总计1 766次。其余未能鉴定出具体物种的兽类记录为小型翼手目、食虫目和啮齿目动物。在24种野生兽类中,食肉目物种数最多,共4科9种;其次为偶蹄目(4科7种)与啮齿目(3科6种)。就有效探测数而言,偶蹄目兽类是记录到次数最多的类群(占总探测数43.97%),其次是啮齿目(25.61%)和食肉目(22.44%)。被IUCN红色名录评估为"濒危EN"、"易危VU"和"近危NT"级别的物种各3种,被列为国家I级和II级重点保护野生动物的分别为4种和5种。本次调查对老河沟自然保护区内的大中型兽类进行了首次系统性编目,了解了区内兽类群落的物种组成、空间分布与相对多度,为后续的科研项目和保护管理提供了本底数据和基础信息。

The biological inventory within established protected areas is fundamental for biodiversity research and monito- ring at both regional and national levels, and camera-trapping has been considered one of the most efficient tools for inven- torying mammal communities. Laohegou Nature Reserve is located in the northern Minshan Mountains, Sichuan Province, and within the core area across the distribution of the iconic conservation species, giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Pri- or to its establishment in 2012, little was known about the mammal fauna in this area. From 2011 to 2014, we conducted a camera-trapplng survey to investigate the mammal distributions within Laohegou by dividing the reserve into 1 km x 1 km survey blocks. With an extensive survey effort of 9 188 camera-days, we detected and identified 24 wild mammal species and 1 domestic mammal species belonging to 7 orders and 18 families. Other unidentified animals were primarily small- bodied mammals of Chiroptera, Insectivora and Rodentia. Carnivora （9 species ） was the order with the highest species richness, followed by Artiodactyla （7 species ） and Rodentia （6 species ）. Artiodactyla was the order with the greatest number of detections （43.97%）, followed by Rodentia （25.61%） and Carnivora （22. 44% ） ; all three taxa summed up to 92. 02% of all detections. Three mammal species are evaluated as Endangered by IUCN Red List, 3 species as Vulnera- ble and 3 species as Near Threatened. Four species are listed as Class I state key protected wild animals in China and 5 species as Class II. This study was the first systematic inventory of the large mammals of Laohegou Nature Reserve. The results provide valuable information about the community structure, spatial distribution and relative abundance, which will serve as a baseline and foundation for future research and conservation management.