利用红外相机对高黎贡山中段西坡兽类和鸟类多样性初步调查

Preliminary survey for the biodiversity of mammal and bird using camera traps in the west slope of mid-section Mt. Gaoligong

高黎贡山地区属于全球生物多样性热点地区之一。长期以来,受地形复杂且植被浓密等限制,对该地区生物多样性现状缺乏全面深入的调查。2013年11月至2015年9月期间,通过布设红外相机,我们对云南高黎贡山国家级自然保护区西坡怒江州泸水县片马区域的兽类和鸟类多样性进行了初步调查,试图进一步补充该区域兽类和鸟类多样性本底资料。调查期内共监测41个不同相机位点,累计9 503个相机日,拍摄到808组独立有效照片。经鉴定包括兽类21种和鸟类24种,分属于10目21科38属,其中怒江金丝猴(Rhinopithecus strykeri)是近年来在高黎贡山地区新发现的灵长类动物。灵长目、肉食目、偶蹄目、雀形目、鸡形目和啮齿目等类群的相对多样性指数较高,且分布广泛。进一步对7种丰富度较高物种的出现时间段分析发现:(1)熊猴(Macaca assamensis)、怒江金丝猴和血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)的日活动规律峰值出现在上午和下午;(2)橙腹长吻松鼠(Dremomys lokriah)和紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)的日活动高峰出现在中午,但前者在黄昏活动相对较多;(3)黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)和野猪(Sus scrofa)具有一定的夜行性,但野猪的夜行性更强。本研究提供了高黎贡山中段西坡兽类和鸟类多样性现状的基础数据,有助于今后深入研究和推进本地区生物多样性保护。

Mt. Gaoligong, situated along the China-Myanmar border, is one of the biodiversity hotspots in the world. How- ever, the knowledge of the fauna diversity in this area is still lack due to complex terrain and dense vegetation. From No- vember 2013 to September 2015, we investigated the biodiversity of mammals and birds by deploying 30 infrared camera traps in the west slope of mid-section of Mr. Gaoligong at Pianma, Yunnan, China. We established 41 different camera sites with 9 503 camera-trapping days and obtained 808 independent images. We identified 21 mammals and 24 birds, belonging to 10 orders, 21 families and 38 genera. We also identified Rhinopithecus strykeri, a recently discovered non-hu- man primate species in the mid-section of Mt. Gaoligong. Primates, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Passeriformes, Galliformes and Rodentia were the most abundant orders and widely distributed in the study area. Based on the detailed time records from seven most abundant species, the results showed that ： （ 1 ） Macaca assamensis, R. strykeri and lthaginis cruentus had a similar daily activity patterns with one peak in the morning and another in the afternoon ; （2） the activity patterns of Dre- momys lokriah and Myophonus caeruleus peaked at noon, but D. Iokriah had another peak at dusk; and （3） Manes flav- igula and Sus scrofa exhibited nocturnality, however S. scrofa were more active at night. This survey provides basic and valuable information for current status of mammalian and avian diversity at Mt. Gaoligong, which is essential for wildlife monitoring and biodiversity conservation for this area.