运用红外相机对太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区(济源)兽类和鸟类多样性的调查

Wildlife survey of Taihangshan Macaques National Nature Reserve using camera-trapping in Jiyuan City,Henan Province,China

河南太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区(济源)内野生动物种类非常丰富,但已多年未进行过野生动物本底资源调查。于2015年1月至7月,在保护区4个林场内设置了51个2 km×2 km网格,采用红外相机技术对保护区内兽类和地栖性鸟类资源进行调查。经过6 014个捕获日的调查,共记录到野生兽类5目13科17种,鸟类6目12科28种,其中东北刺猬(Erinaceus amurensis)、红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、灰林鸮(Strix aluco)、宝兴歌鸫(Turdus mupinensis)、虎斑地鸫(Zoothera dauma)、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)、普通?(Sitta europaea)、黄腹山雀(Parus venustulus)、斑胸钩嘴鹛(Pomatorhinus gravivox)、画眉(Garrulax canorus)等10个种类为保护区新记录种。首次在该保护区拍摄到国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物:豹(Panthera pardus)和林麝(Moschus berezovskii),以及国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物猕猴(Macaca mulatta)、黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、红腹锦鸡和灰林鸮。兽类以猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)的相对丰富度指数最高为4.57;鸟类以红腹锦鸡的相对丰富度指数最高为2.03。调查结果显示保护区仍保存较为完整的大中型兽类群落,但顶级捕食者数量稀少,应加大对其栖息地及猎物的保护恢复力度。此外,相机拍摄到大量放牧活动照片,说明当地人为干扰严重,应加强管理。本次调查初步掌握了太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区(济源)内兽类和地栖性鸟类的资源现状,为保护区开展红外相机野生动物长期监测积累了基础资料。

Although the National Macaque Nature Reserve in Jiyuan, Henan is rich in wild animals, wildlife resource sur- veys have not been conducted in the area for many years. We used passive infrared-triggered cameras to investigate wild mammals and understory birds in this natural reserve. We set up 51 grids in the reserve （2 km × 2 km for each grid） with 1 -3 cameras in each grid, and collected camera-trapping data from January 2015 to July 2015. With 6 014 camera-days, we identified 17 mammal species belonging to 5 orders and 13 families, and 28 bird species belonging to 6 orders and 12 families, including the following 10 species, amur hedgehog （Erinaceus amurensis） , golden pheasant （Chrysolophus pic- tus）, tawny owl （ Strix aluco）, eastern song thrush （ Turdus mupinensis ）, scaly thrush （ Zoothera dauma）, blue whis- tling-thrnsh （Myophonus caeruleus）, wood nuthatch （Sirra europaea）, yellow-bellied tit （Parus venustulus）, spot-breated scimitar babbler （Pomatorhinus gravivox）, Chinese hwamei （ Garrulax canorus）, that were first recorded in the natural reserve. We recorded leopards （Panthera pardus） and forest musk deer （Moschus berezovskii）, two important species be- longing to Class I state key protected wild animals in China. We also recorded five Class 1] state key protected wild animals including macaque （Macaca mulatta tcheliensis ）, koklass pheasant （Pucrasia macrolopha）, golden pheasant, yellow- throated marten （Manes flavigula）, and tawny owl （Strix aluco）. Hog badger （Arctonyx collaris） had the highest relative abundance index （4. 57 ） among the mammal species, and golden pheasant had the highest among the bird species （2.03）. Results showed that there were no changes in the species list of the medium- to large-sized mammal community of the reserve, but since fewer apex predators such as leopards were found, the government must take the initiative in doing more to protect their prey as well as their habitats. We also found evidence of intensive human activities in the reserve, in- cluding domestic goat breeds, which may have potential impacts on diurnal animals. Therefore, regulation control should be performed against intensive grazing in the reserve. Our study provides basic information for wildlife dynamics and manage- ment in the Taihangshan Macaques National Nature Reserve, and would be helpful for long-term camera-trapping monitoring of wildlife resources in this reserve.