澳门特别行政区对市场竞争的保护：挑战与展望

Protection of Market Competition in Macao SAR:Challenges and Perspectives

现代竞争法的作用在于保护市场竞争,目前综合的竞争立法模式和设立专门的竞争执法机构已成为全球趋势,并形成一种"普遍性扩散"。澳门特区作为一个在很大程度上依赖于博彩业的小型发达经济体,属于世界上少数没有采取综合竞争立法的地区之一。本文分析了澳门在博彩、电信和金融服务等几个行业的市场竞争规范的现状,以及导致澳门没有采取综合竞争立法的内外因素。从各种内部因素来看,政府旨在稳定供应和价格,支持本地中小企业,保证本地居民就业等政策使得竞争法没有成为澳门实现经济和社会目标的合适的工具。从外部因素来看,与中国内地和香港(二者都有相应的竞争制度)的经济一体化并没有促使澳门制定自己的竞争法。本项研究力图对澳门竞争保护现状加以解释并展望在该领域未来的发展。

The adoption of comprehensive competition legislation and establishment of specialized enforcement agencies have become global trend that led to an almost universal prolif- eration of competition law regimes. Macao Special Administrative Region of the People＇ s Re- public of China, as a small developed economy heavily reliant on the gaming industry, stands a- mong few jurisdictions that do not have comprehensive competition legislation. The present pa- per analyzes current situation of regulation of market competition in several economic sectors of Macao： gaming, telecommunications and financial services. Various internal factors such as government policies aimed at stability of supply and prices, support of local small and mediumsized enterprises, employment of local residents, etc. do not consider competition rules as an appropriate tool for achieving the economic and social objectives. External factors, such as economic integration with China's Mainland and Hong Kong SAR （both having competition regimes in place） have not prompted Macao to adopt its own competition law either. This study is an attempt to pro SAR and to vide explanations as to the current state of affairs of competition protection in Macao anticipate further developments in this field.