论“不予适用”:一种消极的司法审查——以《行政诉讼法》第63条和64条为中心的考察

‘Refusal to Apply’:a Passive Judicial Review——an Analysis Based on Article 63 and Article 64 of the Administrative Litigation Law

基于法的位阶理论和"上位法优于下位法"适用规则,可以对新《行政诉讼法》第63条和64条作出全新解释,提出"不予适用"模式,法院可以在个案中拒绝适用抵触上位法的下位法,但不撤销或改变下位法。"不予适用"是一种消极的司法审查,只具有个案效力,不会侵犯备案审查机关的权力。法院不但可以不予适用规范性文件,而且可以不予适用抵触上位法的规章、地方性法规和行政法规。司法实践中地方法院处理上下位法冲突时没有完全遵循"不予适用"模式,而最高人民法院的批复尤其是指导性案例5实质上支持"不予适用"模式。"不予适用"模式也有边界,法院无权不予适用法律,应尽可能对法律作合宪性解释。

According to New Administrative Li review the legality of normative documents and refuse to app tigat ly th ion Law, a people＇ s court can ose which it has found illegal in the review, but may not repeal or change such normative documents. Courts can review the le- gality of not only normative documents, but also administrative regulations, local regulations and administrative rules and refuse to apply those contradictory to upper-level laws. ＂Refusal to apply＂ is a kind of passive judicial review, which has legal effect only on individual cases and therefore does not affect the power of organs responsible for the filing and examination of norma- tive documents. Although the Supreme Court supports the practice of ＂refusal to apply＂ in its replies to requests for instruction by lower courts and, especially, in guiding cases, local courts seldom review the legality of the administrative regulations, local regulations and administrative rules