我国诉前行为保全申请的实践难题:成因与出路

On the Causes of and Solutions to the Difficulties in the Application for Preliminary Injunction in Chinese Civil Procedure

我国民事诉讼法虽然确立了诉前行为保全制度,但是实践中申请保全却存在一定困难,这是困扰知识产权权利人和利害关系人的一个顽疾,亦导致我国立法、司法和理论研究之间产生一定割裂。除了与"起诉难"具有共通的制度背景,"申请难"还存在独特的制度成因,其理论根源可以被归结为对诉权范围的限缩、对程序事项的轻视和对证明标准的误读。通过拓展诉权范畴,建立多维度的诉权体系,可以在理论上克服立案登记制改革的盲区。通过对《民事诉讼法》第101条、《民诉法解释》第108条和第109条进行体系解释,可以建立证明标准的三层结构,以"说明理由"和"可能"为标志,将诉前行为保全及部分程序事项的证明标准界定为疏明。事实上,只有将解决"申请难"作为立案登记制改革的重要一环,在增加诉讼供给和完善司法救助的背景下,通过坚持优势盖然性标准,才能从根本上完善我国的诉前行为保全制度。

The ＂difficulty in applying for preliminary injunction＂ has negative impact on the protection of intellectual property and on the realization of the goal of building China into an innovation-oriented country by the year 2020. Another negative impact is the exacerbation of the conflict among the legislation, administration of justice and legal theory. Apart from sharing the same institutional background with the long-discussed issue of ＂difficulty in filing a lawsuit＂ in Chinese civil procedure, it has its unique causes, which can be summarized as the restriction of the suit right, the neglecting of procedural matters and the misinterpretation of the standard of proof. These problems can be solved through the correct understanding of the boundaries of suit right and the establishment of a multi-dimensional system of suit right and a three-tier system of standard of proof based on Article 101 of Chinese Civil Procedure Law and articles 108 and 109 of its judicial interpretation. According to the interpretation given the standard of proof for the preliminary injunction should be acc by epte the above three articles, d as Glaubhaflmachung ＂difficulty in applying for preliminary injunction＂ can be overcome by treating prelim injunction as part of suit right, reducing the general standard of proof, and improving cial aid system lnary judi-cial aid system.