计及PMU最优配置的输电线路广域自适应故障定位算法

An Adaptive Wide Area Fault Location Algorithm for Transmission Lines With Optimal PMU Placement

针对电网信息不全条件下的输电线路故障定位问题,提出一种计及相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit,PMU)最优配置的广域自适应故障定位方法。该文在分析基于故障可观测性的故障定位原理的基础上,建立了计及零注入节点实现全网线路故障可观测性的PMU最优配置模型;提出了基于定位域的广域故障定位策略,根据系统拓扑和PMU节点划分定位域,电网拓扑结构发生变化时,只需局部更新相应定位域。线路故障后,利用PMU测量结果快速界定故障的定位域,无需线路故障信息,提高了定位算法的自适应能力。基于PSCAD/EMTDC和Matlab的仿真结果表明,该文提出的计及零注入节点的PMU优化配置方法能有效减少PMU数量,基于定位域的故障定位算法自适应能力强,定位结果精度高,对系统拓扑结构变化、各种故障类型、过渡电阻、故障位置均有较好的适用性。

An adaptive wide area fault location algorithm for transmission lines with optimal phasor measurement unit （PMU） placement was proposed to solve the transmission line fault location problem under the conditions of lacking complete information. On the basis of analyzing fault-location observability based fault location principle, optimal PMU placement model for transmission network fault-location observability considering zero injection bus was established. Then the wide area fault location algorithm based on fault-location zone which was divided according to the grid topology and PMU installed nodes was proposed. When the grid topology changes, the fault-location zone was also updated correspondingly with partial modification. After the line failure, the fault-location zone that the fault line belongs to was quickly determined using PMU measurement. Without fault line information requirement, the adaptability of the proposed fault location method was improved. Simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC and Matlab have shown that the proposed method requires fewer PMU devices to achieve transmission network fault-location observability. The fault location algorithm based on fault-location zone has strong adaptability and high accuracy and is suitable to grid topology changes as well as various fault types, fault positions and fault resistances.