2010—2015年北京市丰台区麻疹暴发疫情流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on measles outbreaks in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2010-2015

目的分析北京市丰台区麻疹暴发疫情的流行病学特征，探讨麻疹暴发的原因，为科学防控麻疹疫情提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学的方法，对北京市丰台区2010-2015年麻疹暴发疫情进行分析。结果2010-2015年北京市丰台区共发生麻疹暴发疫情22起，涉及麻疹病例74例。暴发疫情主要集中在1—7月份；所有的暴发疫情中，〈8月龄、8月龄-14岁、15岁及以上的病例分别为7例（9．5％）、0、67例（90．5％）。其中外省户籍人口61例（82．4％），本市户籍人口13例（17．6％）；有免疫史的9例（12．2％），无免疫史或免疫史不详的65例（87．8％）。暴发疫情持续时间最短0d，最长19d，平均7．9d。麻疹暴发疫情发生时间至疫情报告时间间隔最短0d，最长10d，平均为1．4d。结论外来流动人口的免疫空白是麻疹暴发的主要原因之一。预防和控制麻疹暴发的重点在于加强对流动人口的管理，提高人群的免疫水平，同时提高监测系统的敏感性，科学、规范的处置麻疹疫情。

[Objective] To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of measles outbreaks in Fengtai District of Beijing, explore the possible causes of measles outbreaks, and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of measles.[Methods] Descriptive epidemiologic method was adopted to analyze the measles outbreaks in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2010-2015. [Results] There were 22 measles outbreaks with 74 cases in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2010-2015. The outbreaks mainly occurred from January to July. Among all the cases, 9.5% were infants under 8 months（7 cases）, 90.5% were people over 15 years old. 82.4% of cases were migrant population （61 cases）, and 17.6% were registered permanent residence （13 cases）. 9 cases had the immunization history （12.2%）, and 65 cases had no immunization history or no clear immunization history. The shortest duration of outbreak was 0 day and the longest was 19 days, with the average duration of 7.9 days. The time intervals from the onset of outbreak to reporting were between 0 and 10 days, with the average time of 1.4 days.[Conclusion] Immune blank of floating population is one of the main causes of measles outbreak. In orders to prevent and control the measles outbreak, it is important to strengthen the management of migrant population, improve the immune level of the population, increase the sensitivity of the monitoring system, and implement the scientific and standardized treatment of measles epidemic.