塑料注塑作业工人健康状况调查

Investigation on health status in plastic injection molding workers

目的了解塑料注塑作业工人健康状况,为注塑作业职业病危害防治提供依据。方法以45家塑料注塑企业的260名注塑作业工人为接触组,220名办公文员、生产管理人员(非注塑接触)为对照组,分别调查其自觉症状,并进行血常规、肝功能等实验室检查、纯音测听检查以及其他内科检查。结果 1接触组头痛(17.3%)、头昏(20.0%)、烦躁不安(28.5%)、记忆力减退(21.5%)、睡眠障碍(12.3%)、咳嗽(27.3%)、咳痰(21.5%)症状检出率以及肺功能减退异常率(6.9%)明显高于对照组;2接触组血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)含量水平以及ALT和谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)异常率均明显高于对照组;3接触组高频听阈提高(单或双耳)、语频(单或双耳)听阈提高和双耳高频平均听阈>40 d BHL的检出率明显高于对照组;上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论注塑作业工人神经系统、肺功能、肝功能和听觉系统功能均有一定程度的损害,应加强其职业健康保护。

[Objective] To understand the health status in plastic injection molding workers, provide basis for prevention and treatment of occupational diseases related to plastic injection molding. [Methods] 260 plastic injection molding workers from 45 plastic injection molding enterprises were recruited in the exposure group, and 220 office clerks and production managers （who have not been exposed to plastic injection molding） were enrolled in the control group. The exposure group and the control group were given the subjective symptom investigation, blood routine test, liver function examination, tone audiometry and other internal medicine examination. [Results ]① The detection rates of symptoms, including headache （17.3%）, dizziness （20.0%）, restless or irritability （28.5%）, memory loss （21.5%）, sleep disorders （12.3%）, cough （27.3%） and expectoration （21.5%）, and the abnormal rate of pulmonary function （6.9%） in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group. ②The level of serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and abnormal rates of ALT and glutamyltranspetidase （GGT） in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group. ③The detection rates of increased high frequency hearing threshold （single or bilateral）, increased speech frequency hearing threshold （single or bilateral）, and binaural high frequency average hearing threshold higher than 40 dBHL in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group.All differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. [ Conclusion]The damages in nervous system, lung function, liver function and auditory system function have been observed in plastic injection molding workers, and the occupational health protection in this population should be strengthened.