郑玄注《仪礼》今古文正误考略

Textual Study on Different Character Forms of Han and Zhou Eras in Zheng Xuan's Interpretation of Yi Li

郑玄注释《仪礼》,往往对该书中的今古文字有着明确的判定。然而在中国古代,古今文字可以有多种不同的写法,郑玄以当时所见有限的文献而作出的今、古判断,难免有所偏差,而后人因为缺少相关的文献资料,所以每每将此偏差之见仍奉为经典而加以引证。本文利用近年来的出土文献及古代汉碑、汉石经、字书、韵书等相关资源,就《仪礼》中郑玄所注四十例今古文字作一番正误的考证。在此基础上认为,研究《仪礼》首先应审视今古文本的差异,同时认为汉代学者们最初对古今之争并不具有明确意识,后由于外在因素的刺激,此种争论成为"学"与"术"之争。这样的争论一方面起着传播经学的作用,另一方面又扭曲甚至阻碍了经学的重建。而且,汉代学者往往以古今文字混杂的方式研究经学,古今之争在东汉末年渐渐消失,所以,不宜夸大古今之争在汉代经学研究中的作用。最后,文章认为,以汉石经为模版来判定文字之古今也并不确切。

Zheng Xuan＇s interpretation of Yi Li（ Ceremonial Etiquette） had a clear judgement on different character forms of Han and Zhou eras,and the subsequent scholars always quoted his opinions as canon. However,it was difficult for him to avoid errors with the limited literature in his time,as these two character forms have variant written patterns in ancient China. This paper focuses on recent excavated documents and related resources,such as Han tablets,Han stone scriptures,dictionaries and rhyme books,and explores the forty character cases of Han and Zhou eras in Zheng Xuan＇s interpretation of Ceremonial Etiquette. Based on the analysis,this article draws the conclusion that the differences between the texts of Ceremonial Etiquette should have a through survey in the first place. The scholars in the Han Dynasty might not have clear enough cognition for the texts＇ debate. When such a debate turned into the argument between ＂theory＂and ＂practice＂,it had double responses. On one hand it spread the learning of classics,and on the other hand it retarded the resurrection. Such kind of debate nevertheless faded away by the end of the Eastern Han as the scholars used to a mixed research way. Therefore,it is not proper to exaggerate the impact of the debate in the Han learning of classics. In the last part of the article,Han stone scriptures as standard to measure the date of characters is considered inappropriate one-sided.