论日本神道教对道教的借鉴与吸收--以吉田神道为例

On Japanese Shinto’s Reference and Absorption of Taoism——A Case Study of Yoshida Shinto

日本"中世神道的集大成者"吉田神道通过吸收老子有关"道"为宇宙天地之大元思想,从本体论角度来构建神道宇宙观,在将国常立尊奉为宇宙的唯一宗源神的同时,更强调了天照大神的至上性。吉田神道借鉴道教的生命观,倡导颇具神秘主义色彩的身心兼修。吉田神道吸收道教的"天地人三元"思想而形成"一分为三,合三为一"的思维方式。吉田神道运用道教的斋醮与符咒,展现了神宫神社和神道祭祀的权威,促使神道教摆脱"神佛习合"的传统,成为国家神道的思想渊源之一。吉田神道在室町时代盛极一时,到江户时代依然有很大影响,与其以神道为本,通过借鉴与吸收道教因素而进行理论建构有一定的联系。

Yoshida Shinto,the master of medieval Shinto in Japanese history,absorbed the ＂Tao＂thought by Laozi and ontology theory to construct their own Shinto cosmology.They also enshrined the main enshrined deity as the sole source of God,emphasizing the supremacy of Amaterasu.Yoshida Shinto referred to the Daoism＇s thought of＂Heaven-Earth-Human Three Parts＂and formed their thinking way of＂One divides into three and three combines into one＂.Yoshida Shinto highlighted Amaterasu as Lord God,showing authority and respect to Jingu Shinto shrine,leading Shinto to get rid of the tradition of＂Buddha learning together＂,and became one of the thought sources of State Shinto.Yoshida Shinto was very popular in the Muromachi period and still had a great influence in Edo period.There is definite link between their popularity and their idea to preserve Shinto faith,but also to learn and absorb the theoretical construction from Taoism.