古埃及文明根本特征探析

On the Fundamental Characters of Ancient Egyptian Civilization

古埃及文明的根本特征主要是在古王国时期完善起来的。古埃及的农业生产几乎绝对依赖于尼罗河,这主要决定于其独特的地理和自然环境。古埃及人基本上凭借农业生产所得进行卓有成效的政治和文化建设。他们自始至终实施神圣王权制度。古埃及王权的神圣性是由作为文化内核的神圣王权观念做宣传和保障的。以特殊的文字为载体、以多神崇拜为背景的神圣王权观念,则构成了古埃及人文化观念的核心,这可以解释古埃及人的政治、经济和文化活动,何以会构成古埃及文明的根本特征之一。

The fundamental characters of Ancient Egyptian civilization were established during the Old Kingdom,which include the agricultural production absolutely depended on the Nile,the divine kingship system and the special cultural concept.That the agricultural production absolutely depended on the Nile was based on the unique geography and natural environment of Egypt.Of course,this kind of agriculture economy shaped the development and forms of politics and culture.The divine kingship system was carried out from beginning to end in ancient Egypt,which was propagandized and guaranteed by the sacred concept of kingship as the cultural core of Ancient Egypt.The concept of divine kingship represented by the special writing hieroglyphics was based on the polytheistic worship,which can in return be used to explain the political,economic and cultural activities of Ancient Egyptian.