登革热疫情防控中健康教育效果的影响因素分析

Effectiveness Evaluation and Risk Factor Analysis on Health Education for a Dengue Fever Outbreak Control

目的对一起登革热疫情处置过程不同健康教育策略效果进行评价，对影响健康教育效果的因素进行分析。方法在疫情的不同阶段，制定并执行3种不同健康教育策略。通过对居民进行登革热防控知识、态度及消除蚊媒孳生地的行为进行健康教育效果评价。对影响居民开展清除蚊媒孳生地的有关健康教育策略层面的影响因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic分析。结果在疫情早期，居民虽然具有较高的预防知识知晓率和疫情知晓率，但开展相应防控活动的比例较小；第二轮健康教育后，社会动员效果得到极大改进，第三阶段健康教育针对游客。影响因素分析结果显示，登革热预防知识知晓率高（OR=2．512，95％CI：1．730-3．341）和危害程度认知高（OR=9．332，95％CI：5．779-23．071）是居民采取消除孳生地措施的影响因素。结论本次疫情控制中在3个阶段分别采用3种健康教育策略，提高了居民参与防控工作的主动性，疫情下降趋势明显。疫情早期强调疾病危害性并提供有关预防知识，对登革热疫情控制至关重要。

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and detect the risk factors of health education for a Dengue fever outbreak, and aims to guide the selection of health education strategy during outbreak control. Methods By reviewing the field debriefing and mass media report, to understand the changing of health education strategy. By investigating the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Dengue fever control among the communities, to evaluate the effectiveness of health education. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression were used for analysis the risk factors of the residents＇ practice on cleaning the mosquito breeding place. Results During the different stage of the outbreak, three kinds of health education strategies were operated in sequence. At early stage of the outbreak, the residence were with high rate of knowledge on disease control and high awareness rate on the event, however the rate of control measure practice was low. Following the second round of health education, the rate of practice was increased quickly. The third round health education was especially focused on the coming tourist. The awareness of Dengue fever perniciousness （OR=9.332, 95%CI：5.779 - 23.071） and level of control measure awareness （OR=2.512,95%CI： 1.730 - 3.341） were risk factors of health education effectiveness. Conclusions Three health education strategies were used during the different stages of outbreak. They resulted in the increasing of rate of control measure practice and the decreasing of number of new cases. There was no case export to other province and prefecture. Emphasizing the disease perniciousness and the knowledge on control measure, was the key point of health education at the early stage of Dengue fever outbreak.