西方文论:理解、借鉴与批判——以雅各布森语言诗学为例

Western Literary Theory:Understanding,Reference and Criticism——A Study Case of Jakobson's Linguistic Poetics

"如何对待西方文论"是当代中国文论话语体系建构过程中必然遭遇的首要问题。对西方文论进行全面深入的理解,尤其理解其中关涉中国文学的研究内容,以自我建设为根本目的进行借鉴和批判:这是我们应当采取的正确态度。"理解"不是曲解或误解,而是历史性地诠释理论本身并借助西方"他者"的眼光来反观我们自身,这是借鉴和批判的前提;"借鉴"不是"山寨"或盲目认同,而是取其精华,使其落地生根于中国特定的历史文化语境,真正应用于中国文学问题和现实问题的解决;"批判"不是否定或拒绝,而是本着"了解之同情"的原则,规避其理论自身的不合理或不足之处,坚持"自我"意识,过滤掉其背后的某些意识形态色彩等。雅各布森语言诗学是现代西方文论链条中十分关键的一环,以此为例,可窥探理解、借鉴和批判西方文论的可能路径。

＂How to regard the western literary theory＂ is a primary problem inevitably encountered in the process of constructing Chinese contemporary discourse and literary theory. With the comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the Western literature theory, especially to understand the Chinese literature＇s research, with the fundamental purpose of self-constrnction to reference and criticize： it＇s the right attitude that we should take. ＂Understanding＂ does not refer to ＂distortion＂ or ＂misunderstanding＂, but interpret theory itself historically and learn the western ＂others＂ to reflect ourselves, which is a premise of reference and criticism; ＂reference＂ is not a ＂copycats＂ or blind identification, but its essence makes its roots in China＇s specific historical and cultural context, it was applied to solve the Chinese literature and practical problems; ＂criticism＂ is not a deny or refusal, but in line with the principle of ＂understanding and sympathy＂, to avoid unreasonable or deficiencies of the theory itself, adhere to the ＂self＂ consciousness and filter out the ideology overtones behind itself. Jakobson＇s linguistic poetics is the key part of the western modern literary theory chain. In this case, we can understand, imitate and criticize the possible path of western literary theory.