校外青少年预防艾滋病健康教育效果的评价研究

A meta-analysis of HIV/AIDS health education effect for out-of-school adolescents in China

目的综合评价中国校外青少年预防艾滋病（AIDS）健康教育的现状与效果,为对该人群开展有效的艾滋病预防干预提供依据。方法采用Meta分析方法,根据文献检索策略及纳入、排除标准,检索中文相关数据库,结合文献追溯,收集2002年1月至2012年12月间公开发表的、校外青少年预防艾滋病健康教育的干预性研究,应用Revman 5.0软件分析,综合评价干预效果。结果最终纳入文献18篇,涉及11 004名校外青少年。Meta分析结果显示,开展预防艾滋病健康教育后,校外青少年对＂与AIDS患者共餐不传播艾滋病＂、＂使用安全套可减少感染艾滋病的风险＂的知晓率,以及＂预防艾滋病感染的积极态度＂分别提高了34%[95%可信区间（CI）：23%～45%）]、32%（95%CI：19%～44%）和24%（95%CI：10%～39%）,＂末次性行为中安全套使用率＂上升了13%（95%CI：1%～25%）。结论健康教育对提高校外青少年艾滋病知识知晓率的效果较为肯定,对改善其预防艾滋病态度和降低高危行为的效果稍差。应在适宜理论指导下,有针对性地开展内容丰富、形式多样的综合型预防艾滋病健康教育项目,降低校外青少年感染、传播艾滋病的风险。

Objective To evaluate the status and effect of HIV/AIDS health education for out-of-school adolescents in China comprehensively. Methods Relevant data published were collected in Chinese electronic databases from Jan.2002 to Dec.2012.A meta-analysis was performed with Revman5.0to review the effect of HIV/AIDS health education for out-of-school adolescents in China over the past decade. Results 18 researches were finally identified,which covered 11 004 objects.Overall,the interventions had a significant improvement on the key points of knowledge（RD1=34%,95%CI：23%-45%;RD2=32%,95%CI：19%-44%）.The attitude to HIV prevention increased by 24%（95%CI：10%-39%）.And the rate of condom use the last sex during increased by 13% with a95% confidence interval（1%-25%）.Conclusion Health education is definitely effective to increase knowledge of HIV/AIDS among out-of-school adolescents in China,while the improvement of attitude to HIV prevention and condom use is not so effective.It is essential to carry out comprehensive interventions and appropriate HIV preventive technologies for the out-of-school adolescents to prevent them from HIV infection.