精液源性多肽促HIV感染及相关拮抗物的研究进展

Research progress on semen-mediated HIV enhancement and development of the antagonists

性行为是目前艾滋病病毒(HIV)传播的主要途径,超过80%的新发HIV感染是通过性传播。精液不仅是HIV的载体,而且含有能增强HIV感染的多肽。体外实验证明,精液中的前列腺磷酸酶多肽成分(PAP248-286、PAP85-120)能和精囊蛋白(SEM1、SEM2)的多肽片段形成淀粉样原纤维,显著促进HIV感染。这些精液源性多肽利用其独特的cross-β淀粉样原纤维结构和富含阳离子的表面电荷,在病毒和靶细胞间形成阳离子桥(cationic bridge),促进病毒结合靶细胞,从而增强HIV感染。因此,研究人员目前正在研发多种以精液源性多肽为靶点的药物,用于预防HIV性传播。这些药物包括阴离子聚合物、绿茶提取物(EGCG)、苯并噻唑苯胺(BTA)等。体外实验证明,这些药物能抵消精液源性多肽介导的促HIV感染的作用。文章描述了有关精液源性多肽促进HIV感染的研究,以及相关拮抗物的研发工作。

Sexual contact is the primary mode of HIV transmission.More than 80% new infections are acquired by sexual intercourse.Semen is not only a carrier for HIV,but also contains the HIV enhancing peptides.These semenderived peptides（PAP248-286,PAP85-120）in conjunction with the peptides of SEM1 and SEM2can form the amyloid fibril that facilitates HIV infection in vitro.Due to its high positive charge and the unique＂cross-β＂structure,the amyloid fibril serves as a cationic bridge that promotes virus onto the cell surface and enhances HIV infection.Researchers are currently studying and developing new drugs that target semen-derived peptides.Several small molecular agents such as anionic polymer,EGCG and BTA,can target the amyloid fibril,counteracting the semen peptides-mediated enhancement of HIV infection.In this review,we aim to illustrate the research progress on semen-mediated HIV enhancement and development of the SEVI antagonists for prevention of HIV sexual transmission.