低毒金属配合物催化丙交酯开环聚合研究进展

Progress in ring-opening polymerization of lactide catalyzed by low-toxic metal complexes

可生物降解材料聚丙交酯主要通过丙交酯开环聚合反应制备,金属配合物催化剂由于具有结构易调变、催化活性高和立体选择性等优点,成为丙交酯开环聚合反应中应用最多的催化剂。近年来,低毒金属配合物催化剂引起了人们的极大关注。本文详细评述了低毒锂、钠、钾、钙、镁和锌配合物催化剂的最新研究进展,重点阐述了配体类型、配体上不同取代基的结构、电子效应对催化剂催化性能的影响,分析了溶剂对配合物在溶液中的状态以及对单体的配位、插入和聚合反应的影响。本文还对该领域发展趋势进行了展望,随着对低毒金属配合物催化丙交酯开环聚合机理研究的深入,未来将从配体结构设计出发,开发催化活性更高、性能更好的配合物催化剂,进而制得高质量的聚丙交酯。

Polylactide（PLA）is a new biodegradable and biocompatible polymer,and can be prepared by ring-opening polymerization of lactides. Metal complexes are attractive catalysts for polylactide production,due to their rich structural availability,remarkable catalytic properties and stereoselectivity. In recent years,the low-toxic metal complexes have attracted growing interest. The progress in preparation of polylactide by low-toxic metal complexes is summarized and reviewed in this paper. The influences of the steric structure of ligands and the electronic effect of substituted groups on catalysis performance of complex catalysts are mainly explained. The effects of solvent on the existing state of complex in solution,the coordination-inserting of monomer and the ring-opening polymerization of lactide are analyzed. The development trends are proposed as well. With the knowledge of the mechanism of ring-opening polymerization of lactides by low-toxic metal complexes,new ligands will be designed and synthesized. Complex catalysts with high catalysis activity will be developed,and polylactide with improved properties will be produced in the future.