摘要
虚拟现实(VR)涵盖了增强现实(AR)、沉浸式VR(头显式和CAVE)、桌面VR等系列技术与产品。2016年被称为"VR元年"。虽然VR产业目前还不成熟,亟待标准化,但全球教育技术领域正密切关注其发展与教育应用。北京师范大学于2016年3月17—24日举办了"2016北京师范大学‘智慧学习与VR教育应用学术周’"。学术周安排了三次讲座,分别从VR增强学习体验、AR技术与用户体验设计、VR教育平台设计角度审视了VR教育应用。学术周为参观者提供了VR教育资源、创作工具和消费级沉浸式VR设备三类体验产品。参与观察表明:儿童在VR世界中的轻松自如与创作热情令人惊叹。理论分析表明:VR作为机器,应定位于和人类教师协同提供更有效的学习机会;VR作为教学媒体,是课堂教学的强化媒体,更需要学生主动参与;具身认知观确立了身体和体验在认知与学习过程中的合法地位,奠定了VR教育应用的学理基础;经验学习理论强调获得经验不等于有效学习,要提供反思经验的机会。VR教育应用案例的分析表明,VR有七大教育功能:体验、探究、训练、矫正、交流、创作与游戏。VR具备重塑教育的潜力,但VR大范围变革教育的路还很长。本文建议利益相关者协同推进,政府应建立产学研用结合的VR教育应用实证研究体系;研究机构应积极整合资源,开展高生态效度的基础研究;产业需尊重教育规律,重视VR世界中师生的自主性;学校和教师应成为专家学习者,从教育角度思考、尝试VR应用。以典型案例为依托,发展VR学科教学法是推动VR教育应用的基本路径。
As the year of virtual reality(VR) progresses, educational technology practitioners and researchers pay closer and closer attention to the rapid development of VR technologies and their application in education. The 2016 Smart Learning and Virtual Reality in Education Week of Beijing Normal University showcased the current development of VR technologies and VR industry. Cases of VR application in Education were analyzed from the perspectives of human-machine relationship, educational media, embodied cognition and experiential learning. The main educational functions of VR, namely experiencing, inquiry,drilling, behavior-modification, communication, making and gaming were presented and discussed along with the cases. Finally, suggestions for various stake-holders were put forward on promoting VR application in education.
出处
《中国远程教育》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第6期5-15,79,共11页
Chinese Journal of Distance Education
关键词
虚拟现实
VR
增强现实
AR
具身认知
经验学习
教育媒体
教育应用
教育功能
virtual reality
augmented reality
embodied cognition
application in education
educational media
experiential learning
educational functions
