文明冲突时代的世界体系

The World System in Civilisational Crisis

2008年以来的全球金融危机促使人们对全球化资本主义进行新一轮的思想审视。启蒙运动给我们留下了诸多的历史遗产,现代西方政治、经济、科学和知识文化的基础都依赖于启蒙运动,在一定意义上,所有的"现代"都是启蒙运动的产物。"现代化理论"把"不发达"的第三世界发展迟缓的原因归于未演绎资本主义制度。然而在"依附理论"特别是"现代世界体系理论"看来,第三世界的"不发达"是由资本主义世界体系的结构性不平等造成的,这个世界体系目前已接近衰竭阶段。只有从全球的角度才能更好去理解、阐释"西方的兴起""资本主义的发展""欧洲霸权""大国的兴衰""东亚的奇迹"以及"中国的崛起"等历史。在追寻全球化资本主义的替代方案中,必须牢记历史揭示的压迫及人的动机和满足构成的概念。

Since 2008,the global financial crisis has spurred a new round of ideological scrutiny for the globalization of capitalism.Enlightenment leaves us with a lot of historical heritage.The foundation of modern Western political,economic,scientific and intellectual culture rests upon the Enlightenment.In a certain sense all＂moderns＂are the children of the Enlightenment or its orphans.The＂Modernization Theory＂ascribed the＂underdevelopment＂of the Third World to the retarded and incomplete formation of its capitalist institutions.However,from the view of Dependency Theory and especially in particular Modern World System Theory,the Third World＇s underdevelopment is caused by the structural inequalities of world capitalist system,and the world system now is nearing exhaustion stage.We need a global perspective to appreciate,understand,account for and explain the Rise of the West,the Development of Capitalism,the Hegemony of Europe,the Rise and Fall of Great Powers,the East Asian Miracle and the Rise of China.In sighting a way beyond the current impasse,seeking sound alternatives to the globalization of capitalism,we must keep in mind both the weight of historical unfolding and the notions of what human motives and fulfillment truly comprise.