三维地质建模的用途、现状、问题、趋势与建议

Usage,Status,Problems,Trends and Suggestions of 3D Geological Modeling

文章论述了三维地质建模技术的用途、现状、存在问题、发展趋势和几点建议。笔者认为三维地质建模的用途是:1真三维的立体场景;2精准的储量计算;3平、剖面构造形态相容并联动编辑;4多源、异构数据的集成与同化;5各种三维空间分析与过程模拟;6便于向客户与领导介绍复杂的地质条件。从行业应用和国内软件发展两个方面论述了当前三维地质建模的应用现状,该技术应用中存在的问题:1软件操作太复杂,难以为基层广大地质作图人员所掌握;2三维建模约束条件太严苛,编辑工作量巨大;3没有三维地质模型数据标准,模型数据难以交换与共享;4勘探规范没有要求,地质队积极性不高;5三维地质模型的建模成本由谁支付。三维地质建模的发展趋势:1软件将更加成熟、稳定、易用;2由早期的注重形态建模向形态与属性建模并重的方向发展;3与地震、测井等物探数据结合更加紧密;4与矿藏描述、成藏模拟、沉积环境分析、构造演化分析、构造演化模拟等专业应用结合更加紧密;5融入大数据、云计算、物联网等IT主流技术。向国家相关主管部门、企业用户和软件开发商提出了几点建议:1国家应继续支持三维地质建模领域;2三维地质建模要与专业应用紧密结合;3加强相关标准的制定与维护;4逐步在勘探规范中增加对三维建模的要求;5软件开发者设法降低软件的操作复杂度,提高容错能力。

This paper summarizes the usage, status, problems, trends of 3 D geological modeling and proposes some recommendations. The usages of this technology are ： （ 1 ） displaying real 3 D scenes ; （2） accurate calculation of reserves ; （3） making planar and profile structural forms compatible and linkage editing ; （4） integration and assimilation of multi-source and heterogeneous data; （ 5 ） various 3 D spatial analysis and process simulation ; and （6） facilita- ting introduction of complex geological conditions to the customer and leadership. The current status of 3 D geological modeling is discussed from two aspects of application and domestic software development. The existing problems in the application of this technique include ： （ 1 ） The operation of software is too complex and difficult for the makers of geological maps;（2） Constraint conditions of 3D modeling are too harsh and manual editing work is extremely huge;（ 3 ） There is no standard of 3D geological modeling and model data to exchange and share;（4） Exploration specification is not required and the en- thusiasm of geological teams is not high ; and （5） It is unclear who should pay the cost of modeling. The development trends of 3 D geological modeling are predicted as follows ： （ 1 ） Software will be more mature, stable and easy to use. （2） It will develop from the early focusing on shape modeling to both shape and property modeling. （3） It will be more closely combined with seismic,logging and other geophysical data. （4） It will be more closely linked with pro- fessional application models of mineral deposit description, reservoir simulation, sedimentary environment analysis, tectonic evolution and tectonic modeling and so forth. （5） It will integrate the IT mainstream technologies of big data, cloud computing, the internet of things and others. Several suggestions are put forward to the relevant authorities of the state, enterprise users and software developers：（ 1 ） The country should continue to support the 3D geological mod- eling ; （2） The 3 D geological modeling should be closely combined with the professional application ; （3） To strengthen the development and maintenance of relevant standards; （4） To increase requirements for 3D modeling in exploration specification step by step and （5） Software developers should try to re- duce the complexity of the operation of the software and improve the ability of fault tolerance.