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美国私立中小学财政资助的历史沿革与思考——基于联邦最高法院判决的视角

The Historic Evolution and Thinking of Financial Subsidy for Private School——Based on the perspctive of the Judicial Guidance of Federal Supreme Court
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摘要 美国私立中小学校多为教会学校。受美国宪法第一修正案"不立国教"条款的限制,美国联邦最高法院在私立中小学财政资助问题上非常谨慎。法院审查的标准经历了由"莱蒙检验"三步检验法的严格限制资助,发展到逐步放宽审查标准,通过资助鼓励受资助对象的自由选择。 Private schools in the United States are mostly religious schools. The Federal Supreme Court is very cautious in funding the private schools because of the restriction of No Establishment Clause. The censorship standard itself has witnessed a development from restrictive Lemon Censorship to loosing censorships and inspiring the recipient to make their choices.
作者 吴高华
出处 《教育参考》 2016年第3期54-58,共5页 Education Approach
关键词 美国联邦最高法院 私立中小学 财政资助 历史沿革 Federal Supreme Court Private Schools Financial Subsidy Historic Evolution
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参考文献15

  • 1Yell, Mitchell L. The Law and Special Education. [M]. N.J.: Merrill, 1998.
  • 2Pierce v. Society of Sisters,268 U.S. 510(1925).
  • 3Everson v. Board of Education of Ewing Township, 330 U.S. 1 (1947).
  • 4Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602( 1971 ).
  • 5Levitt v. Committee for Public Education and Religion Liber- ty,413 U.S. 472(1973).
  • 6Committee for Public Education and Religion Liberty v. Nuquist, 413 U.S. 756(1973).
  • 7Sloan v. Lemon,413 U.S. 825(1973).
  • 8Zobrest v. Catealina Foothills School District, 509 U.S. 1 ( 1993 ).
  • 9Agostini v. Fclton ,521 U.S. 203(1997).
  • 10Mitchell v. Helms,530 U.S. 793(2000).

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