葫芦科作物线粒体和叶绿体基因组研究进展

Advances on mitochondria and chloroplast genomes of cucurbit crop

线粒体和叶绿体均是植物细胞生命活动中十分重要的细胞器,其基因组独立于核基因组,表现为半自主遗传特性。葫芦科作物线粒体是目前已知植物线粒体基因组中最大、最复杂的,而叶绿体基因组却相对保守。本文使用葫芦科作物中目前已测序的线粒体和叶绿体基因组序列,通过对葫芦科作物线粒体和叶绿体基因组的结构特点、基因含量、内含子、RNA编辑、重复序列、水平基因转移等方面比较分析,重点介绍了葫芦科甜瓜属线粒体基因组父系遗传研究进展和叶绿体基因组在葫芦科作物系统发育中的应用等热点问题,以期为更好地解析葫芦科作物线粒体和叶绿体基因组的进化、遗传方式差异等科学问题奠定基础。

Mitochondria and chloroplast are very important organelle for life activities in plant cells. The plant mitochondrial and chloroplast genome are relatively independent from cell nuclear genome in that they possess semi-autonomous heritable characteristics. Mitoehondrial genome of cucurbit crops are the largest and most complex genome among reported plant mito- chondrial genome, while chloroplast genome is relatively conservative. Using mitochondrial and chloroplast genome of cueur- bit crops that have been sequenced, the structural characteristics, gene contents, introns, RNA editing, repeat sequence, hor- izontal gene transfer of mitoehondria and chloroplast genomes of cucurbit crops were comparatively analyzed. The research advancements of paternal inheritance of Cucumis mitoehondrial genome and the application of chloroplast genomes in phy- logeny of eucurbit were also highlighted. These were expected to provide a foundation for better understanding and analysis about the differences in evolution and inheritance pattern of cueurbit mitochondrial and chloroplast genome.