文化生命初论——基于“文化机体-文化环境”的相互作用

On Cultural Life from the Perspective of the Interaction Between Cultural Organism and Cultural Environment

19世纪后半叶,英国思想家斯宾塞提出"机体-环境相互作用"的理论。其讨论渗透进生物、社会、文化等各领域。在此理论视域下,文化不再只是一个和"自然"相对的概念,而是被包括进生命理论之中。文化机体和文化环境间的相互作用成为理解文化生命的出发点。文化生命"自我"创造的抽象性机体通过人类的劳动,向现实性的环境转化,进而又在适应不断被更新的环境过程中实现多样性的统一,显示出一条文化生命进化的轨迹。

In the second half of the 19th century, the British thinker, Spencer put forward the theory of ＂organism- environment interaction＂. Discussion about this idea has and so on. According to the theory, culture is no longer penetrated into various fields of biology, society, culture just a concept in contrast to nature, but can be included into the life theory. The interaction between the cultural organism and cultural environment becomes the starting point for us to understand cultural life. The abstract cultural organism created by cultural life itself changes into the realistic cultural environment through human labor, and then achieves the unification of diversity during the process of adaptation to the continuous renewal of the cultural environment, showing an evolutionary trajectory of cultural life.