人力资本与流动人口的社会融入

Human Capital and Migrants' Assimilation in China

社会融入是一个经典的社会学话题,而流动前后获得的各类人力资本是移民融入的决定要素之一。文章实证研究了国内流动人口的人力资本对社会融入的影响。总体而言,人力资本大都提升收入水平,促进社区参与,增强对流入地文化理念的接纳和长期居留意愿。但是,人力资本与不同融入维度之间的关系并非整齐划一,对经济的影响最大,对文化的影响最小;在多个人力资本变量中,岗位就业年数对融入的影响最为一致,其作用不亚于正规教育。这些都表明,人力资本与融入之间存在一种有差别的关系,因融入的维度和测量指标而异。但是,不是提高了收入,流动人口就能全面融入;提升流动人口流入前的人力资本,强化流动后的工作经验积累,对于流动人口的全面融入至关重要。

Migrants＇ assimilation has been one of the most important and longstanding sociological research topics, and human capital accumulation has been found to exert decisive effects on assimilation. This paper examines the relationship between multiple indicators of human capital and multiple indicators of assimilation among migrants in 2010. We found that generally, education, job training, occupational skill, and work experience are positively correlated with assimilation, i. e. , income, communily padicipation, cultural assimilation, and desire of long-term residence at the place of destination. However, the relationship between human capital and assimilation is not uniform, but varies with different measures of assimilation. Education does not bear a significant linkage to cultural assimilation; also surprisingly, job training is related to income, but yields strong impact on other dimensions of assimilation. Among all indicators of human capital, work experience, gauged by work years in current position, has the most consistant association with the four aspects of assimilation. Such findings suggest that human capital affect different aspects of assimilation differently, depending on measure of assimilation and human capital per se.