试论庄周写《庄子》及内外杂三篇的形成时代

A Discussion on the Period of the Book Zhuang-zi Written by Zhuang Zhou and its Three Chapters(Inner,Outer and Miscellaneous)

庄子其人,个性好自由不受拘束,思想超乎常人想像之外,笔调流畅,时间、空间及世人的看法所不能拘束,生死富贵也不能束缚他。《庄子》其书,可与《老子》同样尊贵,同样成为道家学术思想之主流,主导了魏晋玄学的哲学思路,影响了佛教中国禅的形成,也成为宋明理学的重要理论基础。而他的让心灵自由(心斋坐忘),更是道教上清斋醮最高修炼法门。庄子其人其书,对后世的影响,可以说是至深且广。但庄子其人,有宋人、魏人之争;《庄子》其书,则有真假及篇章多少之辩。今以出土文物及现存史料看来,庄子应为宋人,《庄子》书应为庄子所著,而内、外、杂三篇的形成,则当在魏晋南北朝时,系沿袭晋·郭象之归类而来。

Zhuang-zi, who owns free personality,being broad-minded over space, time and thoughts, cannot be bound by life or death,wealth or poverty. The book Zhuang-zi which is equaly respected as Lao- zi＇s Tao Te Ching, did dominate academic thoughts of Taoism, and philosophical ideas of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The book also affected the formation of Zen of Buddhism in China, which has be- come an important theoretical basis of Neo-Confucianism. The influence of Zhuang-zi and his book is pro- found and lasting on future generations. Was Zhuang-zi＇s nation Song or Wei？ Was his book true or false？ How many chapters and documents got recorded in the book？ All these problems have been still in hot de- bate. Today, with archaeological findings and existing materials, Zhuang-zi should be from Song Dynasty who is the real author of the book Zhuang-zi. The three chapters （Inner, Outer and Miscellaneous） could be formed in the period of Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, which might follow the classification by Guo Xiang in Jin Dynasty.