藏区牦牛粪有机肥替代50%用量烟草复合肥对烤烟生长的影响

Effects of Replacing 50% Tobacco Compound Fertilizer by Yak Dung Organic Fertilizer in Tibetan Area on the Growth of Fluecured Tobacco

[目的]研究烤烟生产中,利用无污染藏区牦牛粪发酵生产的有机肥,替代50%用量烟草复合肥的可行性。[方法]以烟草复合肥为对照,用750、1 000和2 250 kg/hm^2牦牛粪有机肥和1 500 kg/hm^2商品有机肥替代50%用量复合肥,考察了烤烟生长农艺性状、病害调查、技术经济指标、化学成分和感官评吸质量。[结果]牦牛粪有机肥替代烟草复合肥50%用量促进了烤烟正常生长,减少病虫害发生,提高烟叶上中等烟比例,增加产量,调整烟叶化学成分和改善烟叶评吸质量,其中以1 500 kg/hm^2牦牛粪有机肥替代50%用量复合肥的效果最好。[结论]该研究为改善烟田环境,提高烟叶产量和品质提供了理论依据。

[Objective] To research the possibility of replacing 50% tobacco compound fertilizer by yak dung organic fertilizer in Tibetan Area during the production of flue-cured tobacco. [ Method] With tobacco compound fertilizer as the control, the 50% compound fertilizer was re-placed by 750, 1 000 and 2 250 kg/hm^2 yak dung organic fertilizer and 1 500 kg/hm^2 commercial organic fertilizers, respectively. Then, we investigated the agronomic characters, disease survey, technical and economical index, chemical component and sensory smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco. [ Result] Replacing 50% tobacco compound fertilizer by yak dung organic fertilizer promoted the normal growth of flue-cured tobacco, reduced the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, enhanced the yield and proportion of first-and middle-class tobacco, ad-justed the chemical component of tobacco leaves, and improved the smoking quality of tobacco leaves. Among them, replacing 50% tobacco compound fertilizer by 1 500 kg/hm^2 yak dung organic fertilizer had the best effects. [ Conclusion] This research provides theoretical founda-tion for improving the environment of tobacco area and enhancing the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.