“减负”误区及我国科学教育面临的挑战

THE POLICY OF EASING ACADEMIC BURDEN ON STUDENTS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SCIENCE EDUCATION IN CHINA

中国中小学生学习负担过重是一个引起广泛关注的问题.为了解决这个问题,教育管理部门推出了一系列减轻学生学业负担的政策,然而近30年实行的结果却是中小学生的负担至今不但没有减轻,反而变得更重.本文在分析中国教育的现状和中国文化传统的基础上,指出在高考主导的背景下,"一刀切"地降低学业要求不能有效地减轻学生负担;还指出在这种"减负"思路指导下的科学课程的弱化,如物理新课标以及目前正在实施的高考招生改革中的物理学科边缘化,将不利于全民科学素养的提高和科学精神的培养.最后,本文还提出了一些可能的应对措施.

Excessive academic burden on primary and middle school students in China was a focused problem of education.In order to solve this problem,the education administration puts forward a series of policies to ease the academic burden on students.However,as a result of the practices for nearly 30 years,the burden of primary and middle school students was not eased so far,but even became heavier.Based on the analysis of current education status in China and traditional Chinese culture,this paper points out that the＂one size fits all＂approach to reduce academic requirements is not an effective way to ease the burden on students,under the background that the college entrance examination is the dominant factor.We also point out the weakening of science curriculums under the guidance of this＂burden reduction＂policy,such as the new standard of physics course and the marginalization of physics in the reform currently implemented in college entrance examination,will not be conducive to the universal improvement of scientific literacy and cultivation of scientific spirit.Finally,this paper puts forward some possible countermeasures.