蔡元定谪贬道州原因探析

Research on the Reasons of the Banishment in Daozhou of Cai Yuanding

南宋"庆元党禁"期间,理学家朱熹因遭劾而落职罢宫观,而其门人蔡元定却受到贬窜道州而死的重罚。对此中缘故,后世大多认定蔡元定只是因权臣韩侂胄为打击朱熹等人而受牵连,纯属"无辜被诬"。但据当时散见诸处之史料,尤其通过辨析朱熹在此前后之书信文字,可证蔡元定受此重罚,虽与当时政治大背景相关,然其直接原因,实在于蔡元定以风水之说主张迁移建阳县学至护国寺址一事,使得政敌们得以借口而窜责蔡元定。也因此重罚事牵涉风水之说,故朱熹、蔡元定及其后人、门生等道学中人皆不愿明言其间,遂使蔡元定贬窜道州之直接原因湮灭不彰。

In the period of＂Qing Yuan Dang Jin＂of Southern Song Dynasty,neo-confucianist Zhu Xi was impeached and dismissed from office.In the meantime,his disciple,Cai Yuanding was imposed a heavy penalty and died in Daozhou because of demotion.On the causes of Cai＇s death,many researchers believed that Cai was implicated just because of the powerful minister,Han Tuozhou＇s inhibition on Zhu Xi,and he was totally innocent.But based on the scattered historical materials in the relevant period especially from the letters of Zhu Xi in the contemporary period,we can find that Cai was penalized severely partly due to the political background in that period but the hidden and direct cause was because of the event that Cai decided to relocate the Jianyang school to Huguosi because of the Geomantic Omen.This made the political opponents accuse Cai as an excuse and also because the event was related to Geomantic Omen,Zhu Xi and his descendants and disciples were all reluctant to reveal the truth behind it,which became the direct reasons of Cai＇s death in Daozhou but the reasons were submerged.