文艺复兴时期艺术视觉下的时空意识与康德的时空观

The Space-time Consciousness under the Artistic Vision of the Renaissance and Kant's Space-time View

文艺复兴时期时空已经普遍作为一种认识的基础体现在艺术创作中,经典的案例就是透视法,它的作用不是为了呈现对象的客观真实性,而是为了建构符合视觉感受的主观真实性。联系康德对象符合知识的论断看,知识的产生要以感性直观为前提和手段,而感性直观的纯形式又表现为时间和空间,并存在于心灵中;康德对象符合知识的论断实际上是要求对象符合人的心灵感觉,康德这种哥白尼式的认识,显然是其将时空心灵化后必然要作出的论断。而文艺复兴的时空意识要求对象符合人的视觉感受,人们认识的对象就是一个感官经验的世界,是一个符合透视法知识的世界,一个被心灵化了的世界。这正是文艺复兴的时空意识对于康德时空观所具有的意义。

During the Renaissance,time and space have been generally embodied in the artistic creation as a knowledge foundation.Classic case is the perspective method,which isn＇t used to render the object＇s objective authenticity,but to present the subjective authenticity matching human＇s visual perception.According to Kant＇s inference that object conforms to the knowledge,sensible intuition is the premise and means of the knowledge production.However,the pure form of sensible intuition is characterized by time and space,and bears in the mind.Kant＇s inference emphasizes that objects should conform to human＇s mind.This Copernicus cognition is a natural conclusion of Kant＇s spiritualization of space and time.However,the space-time consciousness of the Renaissance requires that objects should conform to human＇s visual perception.Object recognition is a sensory experience of the world,which conforms to the perspective knowledge,and is also spiritualized.This is the meaning of the time and space consciousness of the Renaissance,which has the meaning of Kant＇s time and space.