交通拥堵收费的福利理论与实践思考

Analysis of Welfare Theory and Practical Thinking of Congestion Pricing Policy

从经济学角度分析,拥堵收费模式可以提高整体出行者的福利水平。拥堵收费政策在理论上是可行的。但是,收费模式是抽象的,存在严格的假设条件。实践中拥堵收费政策的实施需要考虑城市的具体情况,尤其是城市交通需求总量、公交体系、社会公平及政策实施的成本-收益等因素。本文通过交通拥堵收费模式的福利理论分析,参考伦敦、新加坡、挪威等收费案例,考量拥堵收费政策在我国实施可能存在的难度,相应地提出了政策建议。

From the view of economic theory congestion pricing mode can improve people＇s welfare level. That is, congestion pricing policy is feasible in theory. However, theoretical pricing mode is abstract and there are strict assumptions. The implementation in practice needs to consider the specific conditions of the city, incluing total traffic demand in the city, public transport system, equity and cost-benefit of policy, ect. The paper analyzes the theory of welfare of congestion pricing and measures the feasibility of implementing the policy of congestion pricing basing on the case of Londun, Singapore and Norway ect. In the end policy suggestions are put forward accordingly.