传统文化视阈下的元代扈从文人心态

On the Mentality of Retinue Literati in the Yuan Dynasty:a Traditional Cultural Perspective

元代扈从文人群体,由来自不同地区、不同民族的馆阁文臣组成。他们在扈跸途中有着相同或相似的经历,也有着不同的情感诉求。歌颂"华夷一统"、渴望建功立业以报知遇之恩成为他们共同的价值取向。对"远游"情结的抒写,其实质是对一种理想的完满人生境界的追寻和精神家园的回归。旷日持久的扈从生活激发了文人深藏于心的安土重迁意识,而政治歧视、文化冲突、环境差异又放大了家国之思。元代政治的痼疾,使传统价值观备受挑战,成为困扰扈从文人的两难选择,最终导致群体的裂变。

The retinue literati in the Yuan Dynasty consisted of Cabinet officials from different regions and different eth- nics. They had the same or similar experiences but different emotional appeals during the tours with the Emperors. Eulogizing ＂unity of Han people and ethnic minorities＂ and making contributions to repay the appreciation of the Emperors was their common values. The description of the ＂excursion＂ complex was actually a reflection of their search for an ideal realm of life and pursuit of retreating to their spiritual home. Protracted retinue life aroused the attachment to native land buried deep in the hearts of the literati, which was again amplified by political discrimination, cuhural conflicts, and environmental differences. The chronic po- litical illness in the Yuan Dynasty challenged the traditional values so much as to put the retinue literati in dilemma and eventual- ly led to their disintegration.