《戏瑕》所记“文待诏诸公暇日喜听人说宋江”再析——答李永祜先生兼及学术研究的态度与方法

A Second Analysis of “Wen Daizhao and His Friends Enjoyed to Listen to the Story about Song Jiang in Spare Time ”in Xi Xia: With a Reply to Mr. Li Yonghu's Comment and a Talk on the Right Attitude towards and Methodology of Academic Researches

"文待诏诸公"、"文徵仲诸公"、"文衡山诸公",皆是通称而非专称,也非确指文徵明、祝允明、唐寅、徐祯卿四人。《戏瑕》载"文待诏诸公暇日喜听人说宋江,先讲摊头半日,功父犹及与闻",其中"文待诏诸公"并不等于"吴中四才子"。文、祝、唐、徐四人年龄差距颇大,并没有共时的青年时段和诸生生活能够在一起"听人说宋江"。钱允治是和文徵明诸公一起听的,听的是同一个内容,即有摊头的宋江故事,时间不早于钱氏出生的嘉靖二十年(1541),具体时间当更晚。《戏瑕》所载正是文徵明晚年与门生故旧"听人说宋江",钱允治有幸"与闻"。这则史料不能用来证明嘉靖以前《水浒传》在社会上流传过。学术研究应该坚持从材料出发,实事求是,不主观妄断,不随意推衍,以保证研究结论的科学和准确。

In archaic literature,'Wen Daizhao and his friends','Wen Zhengzhong and his friends',and'Wen Hengshan and his friends',all are usually thought to be general rather than special terms.Nor do they refer to Wen Zhengming,Zhu Yunming,Tang Yin and Xu Zhenqing. In Xi Xia,it is recorded that 'Wen Daizhao and his friends enjoyed to attend the storytelling about Song Jiang in spare time,…and Gong Fu joined them,too.'In this narration,'Wen Daizhao and his friends'does not refer to the 'four talented scholars in Wuzhong.'The age gap was too big for the four--Wen,Zhu,Tang and Xu--to share the same young adulthood,so that zhusheng( meaning: fellow students) might gathered together to listen to the story about Song Jiang. Accompanied by Wen Zhengming and his friends,Qian Yunzhi attended the storytelling,and they listened to the same narrative piece--the story of Song Jiang with a tantou( an additional entertaining piece before the storytelling). The time when they heard the story could not be earlier than the 20 th year of Jiajing Reign( 1541),when Qian Yunzhi was born,and it could be much later. The record in Xi Xia tells us that Wen Zhengming,togather with his friends and students,attended the storytelling about Song Jiang in his ageing years,and Qian Yunzhi joined them fortunately. This should not be used to prove that the novel Water Margin was widely circulated before the Jiajing Dynasty. Academic research should stick to the principle: being loyal to data,seeking truth from facts,and never making a judgment arbitrarily,so as to make a finding scientific and accurate.