历史文本中的人口聚集、区域经济与生存环境——基于唐代政治经济区与灾害多发区变迁的思考

The Relationships Between Population Aggregation,Regional Economy and Living Environment Recorded in Historical Texts——Based on the Changes of the Political and Economic Zones and the Disaster-prone Areas During the Tang Dynasty

在古代中央集权体制下,政治、经济中心不仅是人口聚集区,也是文本记录中的灾害多发区与易发区。唐代是中国政治经济重心出现重大变化的历史阶段,史书记载中的灾害多发区不仅与主要政治经济区保持一致,并随主要政治经济区的迁移而发生动态变化。灾害频次的增减与区域政治经济地位的相关性也表明古代灾害并非单纯受自然环境影响,还与人口聚集、经济开发、重赋苛敛等社会因素相关;历史文本中灾害记载固然存在某些主观性与倾向性,却依然是特定历史背景下政治、经济以及灾害认知的客观反映,并相对真实地展现了该时段主要政治经济区的灾害史实。

In the ancient centralized system of China,the political and economic centers were not only populated areas,but also disaster-prone areas recorded in historical texts.The great changes of the political and economic centers in Chinese ancient history happened in Tang Dynasty.Disaster-prone areas in historical texts were consistent with major political and economic areas,and they changed continuously with the movements of major political and economic zones.There was correlation between disaster frequency and the regional political or economic status of urban areas,which showed that ancient disasters were not only affected by impacts of natural environment,but were also influenced to population aggregation,economic developments,heavy taxes,and other social factors.Though there is subjectivity and preference to some extent,these disasters records are still the objective reflection of politics,economics and disaster cognition in the given historical backgroud and can give us a full picture about the history of disaster for the main political and economic areas at that time.