马理实学思想发微

Research on Practical Learning of Ma Li

明代马理继承了张载关学崇实尚朴的宗旨,务为笃实之学。在实体论上,他肯定"太虚即天"的真实无妄,从而批评了佛老的虚无本体论;在实修论上,主张躬行践履和实证实修的身心工夫,力图避免阳明后学的弊病;在实功论上,强调以礼淑世,化民成俗,在讲学中重建精神文化价值,并主持编纂《陕西通志》,发挥修史资政的积极作用。马理的实学思想内容丰富、特点鲜明,在明清实学思潮发展史上具有重要的理论价值。

In the Ming Dynasty,Ma Li inherited and expanded the gist of Zhang Zai’s theory which had definitely simple style of learning.From the perspective of existential ontology,Ma advocated the realness of ＂Taixu is heaven＂,thus he criticized the nihilism ontology of Buddhism and Taoism.Based on the theory of practical self-cultivation,Ma proposed the methods of acting on Confucian moral rules with physical and mental efforts.He tried hard to avoid the theoretical disadvantage of Wang Yangming’s followers.On practical effects,he emphasized ＂change society with rites＂and civilized people by education and persuasion.He tried to restructure the spiritual and cultural values through his lecture activities.Besides,he handled the compilation of Shaanxi province chorography,which played the positive political effect.Practical learning of Ma Li had rich content,distinctive features and showed great important theoretical value in the history of ideological development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.