结构主义视域下普实克中国现代文学审美功能论——由“普夏之争”说起

Jaroslav Pr??ek's Views of Modern Chinese Literature

夏志清批评普实克执迷于文学的历史使命和文学的社会功能是意识形态的说教,但是其所言比较偏颇。普实克是以一种科学的态度,运用系统分析的方法呈现中国现代文学重视文学社会价值的历史文化背景,而且在普实克看来文学功能是随着社会历史文化条件的变化而变化的。因此,他的马克思主义文艺观因为有了结构主义的参与,完全不同于机械马克思主义的论调。普实克重视文学的社会功能,也同样重视文学的审美功能。他认为,中国现代文学发展过程中提出的作家必须要深入生活、熟悉生活只是作家创作的一个基础,若是没有作家主观思想、个人经验的融入,没有对现实生活的艺术加工,文学作品仍然会失去其区别于其它意识形态产品的独特价值。

Hsia Zhiqing criticized that Jaroslav Prusek＇s obsession with the historical mission and social function of literature was ideological teachings. But what Hsia said was relatively biased. In fact, Prusek presented the emphasis of modern Chinese literature on the historical and cultural background of literary social values, and the social functions of literature would change with the changes of history and culture. His Marxist literary view was completely different from the mechanical Marxist view because of the inclusion of structuralism. Pr？？ek attached importance not only to the social function of literature, but also to the esthetic function. To him, that the author must go deep into life was a foundation for literary creation, as proposed in the development of modern Chinese literature; without the writer＇s subjective and personal experience, or artistic processing of real life, literary works would lose their unique value of ideological products which must be different from those of other ideology products.