日本先进科学仪器国家资助计划政策及发展现状研究

Study on Policies and Status of Japan's National Plan of Advance Scientific Instruments

先进科学仪器的发展是保证国家在科技前沿领域取得突破的关键。国家资助计划又是促进科学仪器研发工作的重要资金源泉。创新型国家在科学仪器的资助机制方面为我国提供了很多可借鉴的经验。本文对日本先进科学仪器资助计划及其相关资助项目的类型、组织形式、资助范围和管理模式进行了调研与总结。经过提炼后发现日本的先进科学仪器资助计划具有以下特点:日本先进科学仪器重大资助项目具有法律保障,并有政府部门层层推进;产学研合作模式多样、灵活,充分调动了社会各界的研发积极性;高效的科学仪器管理网络与管理方法提高了科学仪器的共享效率;注重原始创新,以关键技术的研发作为项目研究的重点之一。

Development of scientific instruments is the key to ensure countries make breakthroughs in science and technology. National funding programs are important funding sources for the development of scientific instrument research. Developed countries in terms of scientific instrumentation funding management mechanisms and policies provide lots of experiences. This research focuses on Japan＇s national scientific instruments research programs, analyzing the type of projects supported by those programs, the scope supported, and the management style. The results reveals that firstly, Japan＇s scientific instrument development programs are promoted with legal operation; Secondly, the cooperation model of research funding are flexible, which fully inspires the potential of research institute, universities and companies.; Thirdly, effective management methods guarantee high efficiency of using the scientific instrument; Fourthly, besides of developing new generation of instruments, researches focus on key parts of instruments are also an vital field supported by Japan＇s national scientific instruments programs.