鄱阳湖综合水环境特征研究

Researches on the water environments of Poyang Lake

以鄱阳湖1998-2012年水质资料及2008-2012年五河七口水文数据,对鄱阳湖污染负荷的特点进行对比分析,结果表明：（1）平水年COD、氨氮、TP入湖量分别为278 563.7 t、47 218.06 t、10 931.3 t.丰水年COD、氨氮、TP入湖量分别513 296.5 t、80 452.18 t、14 095.05 t.枯水年COD、氨氮、TP入湖量分别为219 094.8 t、46 051.37 t、6 448.57 t;（2）污染物通过五河七口进入鄱阳湖的量占进入鄱阳湖总污染物的绝大部分;（3）干湿沉降量较五河入湖所占的比例要小得多,但大于长江倒灌入湖污染物的量;（4）不同污染物之间相比也呈现不同的规律,COD经五河入湖的比例最高的是丰水年,经长江倒灌比例最高的是枯水年;氨氮经五河入湖比例为96%,经干湿沉降的约在4%左右;TP枯水年经长江倒灌的比例为3%,其余水文典型年均只占1%.

This study analyzed the characters of water pollution load in Poyang Lake, attributing to the water quality data- base during 1998 - 2012 and hydrological database during 2008 - 2012. Results showed that, firstly, the amount of COD, NH3 -N, TP transported into Poyang Lake was respectively of 278 563.7 t,47 218.06 t,10 931.3 t in the normal year, 513 296.5 t, 80 452.18 t,14 095.05 t in high flow years, and 219 094.8 t,46 051.37 t,6 448.57 t in low flow years. Secondly, the pollutants transported from the five - river and seven estuaries into Poyang Lake accounted for most of the total pollutants in Poyang Lake. Thirdly, the pollutants transported from wet - dry deposition were lower than that from the fiver river, but higher than that from Yangtze fiver into the lake. Lastly, there were significantly differences on the patterns among the three pollutants. For example, COD from the five river was highest in high flow years and from the Yangtze river was highest in low flow years. 96 percent of NH3 - N was transported from the five river into Poyang Lake and the other 4 percent of NH3 - N was transported from wet - dry deposition into Poyang Lake. 3 percent of TP was transported from the Yangtze river into Poyang Lake during in low flow years.