走向合作的政策问题建构

Toward Cooperation: The Construction of Policy Problems

在工业化、城市化进程中生成了自我及其自我意识,从而有了自我与他人关系问题的探讨。在认识与实践中,自我与他人的关系表现为主客体关系。自我放大了的形态是组织、政府等。在社会治理过程中,政策问题建构者成了稳定的主体,而那些被排斥在政策问题建构过程之外的人则是客体。随着政策过程的科学化,政策问题建构主体在合理性的追求中拥有了更大的政策问题建构权,主客体之间的对立经常性地以社会冲突甚至社会对抗的形式出现。为了解决这一问题,公众参与的理念被引入政策问题建构之中。公众参与使得主客体的分界变得模糊了,在精英与公众都参与到政策问题建构的时候,他们都成了政策问题建构的行动者,并展现出一种新的趋势,那就是参与到政策问题建构中来的各种社会因素将结成一种共生关系,并通过合作行动去开展政策问题建构。

In the process of industrialization and urbanization, there are problems of self and self-consciousness, and there come discussions about the relationship between self and others. In understanding and practice, the relationship between self and others is the relationship between subject and object. In social governance, those who participate in the construction of policy problems are the stable subject, and those who are excluded from this construction become the object. With the scientization of policy-concerned problems, the subject of policy problems construction has gained greater power in order to be more rational, and the confrontation between the subject and the object often appears in form of social conflict and social confrontation. In order to solve this problem, the concept of public participation is introduced into the construction of policy problems. Public participation blurred the boundaries of the subject and the object. When the elite and the public are both involved in policy construction process, they have become the actors. This is setting a new trend, in which all the actors participating in the construction of policy problems will form a symbiotic relationship, and they will carry out the construction of policy problems through cooperative action.