中国加入海牙《选择法院协议公约》的规则差异与考量

Evaluation of Regulation Differences for China to Ratify the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements

海牙《选择法院协议公约》旨在通过加强司法合作增进国际贸易和投资。公约采用混合模式,从三个方面:即被选择法院的义务和程序、未被选择法院的义务和程序、被选择法院所作判决的承认和执行,在民商事管辖权和外国判决承认和执行领域建立统一的规则。中国深度参与了《选择法院协议公约》的谈判。作为全球的贸易大国和正在建设的法治大国,中国需要构建开放型的涉外审判机制,提升国际法律服务市场,推动判决的全球性流动,从而为当事人的国际民商事活动提供确定性的法律环境。当然,加入公约需要我国进行利益上的综合权衡,并作出一定的制度上的安排。

The Convention on Choice of Court Agreements concluded in 2015 aims at promoting international trade and investment through enhanced judicial co-operation. The Convention adopts a mixed model and regulates international litigation in three ways： the obligations and procedures to be used in chosen courts, the obligations and procedures of non- chosen courts, and procedures to enforce the judgments of chosen courts. The purpose of the Convention is to establish uniform rules on jurisdiction and on recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil or commercial matter. China＇ s delegation widely and comprehensively participated in the negotiation of the Convention on Choice of Court Agreements. As a large country in global trade and a constructing rule of law country, China needs to build an open foreign-related trial mechanism, to promote international markets of legal service, and to enhance global enforceability of Chinese courts＇ judgments. Such enhanced co-operation will provide legal certainty for Chinese people who engage in international civil or commercial activities. Although China needs re-arrangements of its legal system for ratification of the Convention, it will be a good try and start for China to improve the global competitiveness of its legal system.