不同类型有机肥对烟叶产量、质量的影响

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

为合理指导烟叶生产施肥,采用田间试验,研究了不同类型有机肥对烟叶的农艺性状、产量、产值及烟叶质量的影响。结果表明,不同类型有机肥显著影响打顶期的株高、茎围、节距、有效叶数和最大叶面积;SL、QH和NK处理烟叶产量较CK显著增加了48.1%、36.8%和30.8%,RL、JD和ZY处理产量较CK提高了8.2%、19.1%和2.6%,但未达到显著差异;SL、QH和NK处理烟叶产值较CK显著提高了45.5%、40.9%和31.8%,JD和ZY处理烟叶产值较CK提高了13.6%和27.3%,而RL处理较CK降低了4.5%;QH和ZY处理中上等烟比例较CK提高了5.4%和19.7%,而其他处理中上等烟占比例均低于CK;增施有机肥可提高烟叶香气质,使烟叶余味舒适、杂气少、刺激小、成团性好。烤烟生长中增施有机肥可改善烟叶质量,尤其是QH、NK和ZY种类有机肥施用效果更佳。

In order to guide fertilization of flue-cured tobacco in Chuanbei area of northern Sichuan, field experiments were conducted by studying the effects of different organic fertilizers on the agronomic characters, yields, economic benefits and quality of tobacco leaves. The results showed that organic fertilizers significantly enhanced plant height, stem diameter, pitch,leaves numbers and area of lumbar leaf. The yield under SL, QH and NK treatments were remarkably higher than that under CK treatment, improved respectively by 48.1%, 36.8% and 30.8%. Compared with CK, the yields under RL, JD and ZY treatments were enhanced by 8.2%, 19.1% and 2.6%, though yield difference was slight. The economic benefits under SL,QH, NK, JD and ZY treatments improved by 45.5%, 40.9%, 31.8%, 13.6% and 27.3% respectively compared with CK. But the economic benefit under RL treatment decreased by 4.5%. Grade proportion of middle and upper leaves of tobacco enhanced by 5.4% and 19.7% under QH and ZY treatments, while those under the other treatments were lower than CK.When flue-cured tobacco was planted, the combination of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers achieved even better results than application of chemical fertilizer alone, QH, NK and ZY organic fertilizers were suggested in Chuanbei tobacco area.