清初遗民寿序的新变及其意义

The Change of Shouxu by Adherents of the Ming Dynasty

自明代中后期到清初,寿序创作日渐兴盛。遗民群体对其发展中出现的不良趋向予以针砭,并号召摒弃应酬积习,端正写作态度,取法明人特别是归有光之作,试图改弦易辙。他们在寿序中寄托易代之悲和故国之思,论列世道人心与学术词章,又借鉴其他文体的技法,破体为文,使寿序品格得以提高,表现功能得以扩大。两者形成合力,推动了寿序的新变,也成为清初文学思想演变的重要表征。这一现象的出现,既受其时古文创作观念的浸染,又与寿序写作对象的扩大及创作方式的转变息息相关。

Shouxu, or writings wishing others longevity and beyond, became more and more popular from the later period of the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty. Some famous writers, especially those adherents of the Ming dynasty, criticized the adverse tendency, and, at the same time, they emphasized proper attitudes in writing and tried to reverse the tendency of 'writing to entertain', thus having established Gui Youguang's writing as an example. Accordingly, they expressed their inner grief and longing for the Ming dynasty, discussed social problems and their creative thinking in academic and literary writings and so on. Meanwhile, they drew on other writing styles, broke away from shouxu's limitations, thus not only expanding shouxu's expression capacity, but also elevatiing its character, which led to the change of shouxu, an important sign of the evolution of literary thought in the early Qing Dynasty. The emergence of this phenomenon was effectuated by views of prose writing, the expansion of objects and the transformation of the ways and styles of writing.