野化培训大熊猫幼仔第一阶段的活动变化研究

Activity Pattern of Giant Panda Cubs during the First Stage of Pre-release Training Project

2011年8月—2014年8月,利用红外视频监控系统结合现场观察,在中国保护大熊猫研究中心卧龙核桃坪野化基地对野化培训第一阶段的7只大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca幼仔的活动变化进行研究,采用瞬时扫描取样法收集了母幼距离、幼仔活动空间位置和行为等数据。研究结果发现：（1）母幼距离随着幼仔月龄的增长而增加,到幼仔爬树时母幼距离达到最高点,11～12月龄后出现下降的趋势。（2）野化幼仔随着月龄增长在母兽怀中的时间呈递减趋势;幼仔在地面的时间表现为未能独立活动时递增,5～9月龄时递减,其后14～15月龄时递增的变化规律;幼仔在树上的时间呈现5～10月龄时递增,接着稳定在一个较高的值,到14月龄时递减的波动;幼仔在母兽怀中（n=2,P〈0.05）和在地面的时间（n=5,P〈0.01）均与其在树上的时间呈负相关。（3）在活动时间分配上,幼仔平均用于休息的时间为所有行为时间的90.1%±4.1%,平均用于活动的时间为9.3%±3.9%,平均用于觅食的时间为0.6%±0.4%。

Activity pattern of giant panda（ Ailuropoda melanoleuca） cubs during the first stage of pre-release training project,was studied from August 2011 to August 2014 by instantaneous scan sampling in Wolong base,China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda,Sichuan province,China. We collected both spatial data and behavioral data,including the distance between mother and cub,habitat use and behaviors from seven female giant pandas and their cubs. Our results indicated that the distance between mother and cub increased gradually as cubs growing up,and then reached peak value when cubs started to climb up trees,and finally decreased in 11 or 12 months old. The total time duration of female giant panda held her cub in her arms decreased gradually; the total time of cubs spent on the ground increased initially,but decreased when they were about 5 to 9 months old,and then increased afterwards when they were 14 to 15 months old; the total time of cubs spent in trees increased initially when they were 5 to 10 months old,and then maintained stable until another decreasing when the cubs were 14 months old. Statistical analysis showed that the total time of cubs spent in trees was negatively correlated with the time of cubs spent in mothers arms（ n = 2,P〈0. 05） and on the ground（ n = 5,P〈0. 01）.Moreover,the giant panda cubs spent 90. 1% ± 4. 1% of time on resting,9. 3% ± 3. 9% of time on moving around,and0. 6% ± 0. 4% of time on feeding,respectively.