人类免疫缺陷病毒相关脊髓病研究进展

Research progress of HIV-associated myelopathy

随着高效抗逆转录病毒疗法的广泛应用,人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染致局灶性或弥漫性神经系统损害发生率降低,显著改善HIV感染患者生活质量,但仍有70%患者出现中枢或周围神经系统症状。这些并发症常出现在疾病晚期或重度免疫功能损害时,亦可出现于疾病早期。HIV相关脊髓病是人类免疫缺陷综合征较常见的并发症,典型病理改变为空泡样变性。多数患者仅表现为非特异性括约肌功能障碍和性功能障碍,少部分患者甚至无临床症状,当出现明显运动和感觉症状时,常合并周围神经病变,故临床易忽视。本文拟就HIV相关脊髓病的发病机制、临床表现、病理学特点、诊断与治疗研究进展进行简要概述。

The wide usage of highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） leads to reduction of the occurenee rate of focal or diffuse neurological damage caused by human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） infection, which prominently improves the living quality of HIV-infected patients. Despite this progress, about 70% of HIV-infected patients develop neurological complications. Although neurological disease typically occurs in the advanced stage of the disease or after severe damage of immune functions, it may also occur during early stage of the infection. HIV-associated myelopathy is a common complication of immunodeficiency syndrome and its typical pathological appearence is vacuolar degeneration. In many patients the clinical manifestations of vacuolar myelopathy are in fact limited to non-specific sphincter or sexual dysfunction, and may remain completely asymptomatic. Even when motor and sensory symptoms become evident, the diagnosis is often complicated by a concomitant peripheral neuropathy. The purpose of this study is to summarize pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of HIV-associatcd myelopathy.