新出文献与中古文学史的书写和建构

The Newly Excavated Document and the Writing and Construction of Medieval Literature History

中古文学史的编纂和研究虽然已经走过百年的历程,但仍然存在一些弱点、盲点、偏颇和歧见,诸如文学自觉问题、单线思维问题、学科限制问题,都受到了学界不同程度的质疑。随着新出文献的逐渐繁盛,可以在一定程度上改变旧有的研究模式,开拓新的研究空间,有些方面甚或可以重新书写和建构。新出文献中最重要的两类文献是石刻文献(其中最大宗是墓志)和写本文献,这两类文献为中古文学史研究的原典文献。中古时期的新出文献呈献出更多的文学史内涵,也是中古文学研究的重要载体,利用新出文献可以推动中古文学史研究的多元化进展。

Although the compilation and research on medieval literature history have undergone a history of 100 years,some weaknesses,blind spots,biases and disagreements still exist.For example,the consciousness of literature largely shields some important style and literary phenomena during the process of Chinese literature development,so that the writing of literature history has gradually deviated from the reality of literature development.As for the problem of the linear way of thinking,the writings on traditional Chinese literature history mostly narrate its historical development according to its dominant vein and evolution process by the time clue,and therefore it is difficult to emphasize and highlight the genuine appearance of literature history from the spatial dimension.As a result,the genuine aspects of literature history can hardly been seen.Another problem is the restriction of discipline,especially the restriction of traditional academic research under the classification of disciplines since the founding of new China,which most obviously caused the separation of the traditional literature and history research.With the gradual prosperity of newly excavated literature,the old research mode can be changed to some extent,and new research space can be expanded.Some aspects can even be rewritten and constructed.The most important two kinds of documents in newly excavated documents are stone inscription documents（the largest one is epitaph）and manuscript documents.These two kinds of documents are original documents in the research of medieval literature history.Compared with the documents handed down from ancient times,the newly excavated epitaph reflects the characteristics of family culture in the medieval times in the original physical form and text form.These living biographies reproduce a group of figures between the 3rd and the 9th centuries.Especially the poet＇s epitaph,the self-composed epitaph,and the coupled epitaph are exquisite in image building,narrative lyricism and creative process.The manuscripts of medieval literature are mostly Dunhuang manuscripts and Turpan manuscripts,plus the manuscripts returned from Japan.These manuscripts not only provide the text materials for literary research,but also are important witnesses of the literary communication and cultural exchange.The newly excavated documents of the medieval times show more connotations of literature history,and also act as important carriers of medieval literary research.They can promote the diversification of the research on medieval literature history.An important way of writing medieval literature history is to transform from linear way of thinking to diversity narration,and to lay emphasis on the relationship between the cohesion of the center and the marginal vitality of literature.Attention should also be paid to the female writing on medieval literature to reveal the special paths of literary development.It is also very important to construct the family pedigree of medieval literature by the family inheritance of literature,as well as to stress research on the evolution of the literary system in order to reexamine the positioning of the literature-centered research.