滞育昆虫营养物质的积累、转化与调控

Research on the accumulation, transformation and regulation of nutrients in diapause insects

滞育是昆虫度过不良环境的一种生存适应策略,营养物质的利用、积累和转化影响昆虫的滞育。滞育期间,昆虫体内发生一系列生理生化变化,包括脂类、碳水化合物和氨基酸等内源营养物质呈特异性地积累或转化,保障了滞育个体在逆境中存活及滞育解除后发育的能量需求。外源营养物质对昆虫滞育的影响较复杂,其种类、丰度、质量能通过"食料-寄主-天敌"营养关系进行传递,影响昆虫体内营养物质的积累和转化,改变昆虫的耐寒性、滞育率等,制约昆虫的滞育深度、滞育存活率。滞育昆虫营养物质积累、利用机制复杂多样,胰岛素信号通路-叉头转录因子以及激脂激素的调控效应在滞育诱导及营养物质转化中起到了关键的调控作用,但滞育的系统性调控仍需进一步深入研究。

Diapause in insects is a strategy to survive severe environmental conditions. The utilization, accumulation and transformation of nutrients can affect diapause. During diapause, a series of physiological and biochemical changes happen in vivo, including the accumulation and verification of endogenous nutrients, such as lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids, which both provide the energy required for insects to survive harsh environmental conditions and enable post-diapause development. Exogenous nutrients also have comprehensive effects on diapause. The abundance, quality and kinds of exogenous nutrients can be transferred via a ＂Food-Host-Natural enemy＂ tritrophic system, influencing the accumulation and transformation of endogenous nutrients, the cold hardiness of diapausing insects, the diapause rate, and other variables. The mechanisms underlying nutrient regulation in diapausing insects are complicated, and include the insulin signaling pathway-forkhead transfer factor and adipokinetic hormones which play important roles in nutrient regulation. Understanding the function of these mechanisms requires further research.