性诱剂、赤眼蜂和化学药剂协同防治大豆食心虫的研究

Using sex pheromones in combination with Trichogramma spp. and a chemical insecticide to control the soybean pod borer, Leguminivora, glycinivorella(Mats.) Obraztsov

【目的】本文为优化大豆食心虫Leguminirora glycinioorella(Mats.)Obraztsov生物防治策略,探究不同防治策略的最佳防治时期和最佳使用量,最终达到提高防治效率及保护环境的目的。【方法】选取哈尔滨和黑河两个地区进行试验,通过比较不同措施防治大豆食心虫的防治效果,以及在大豆食心虫不同发生期单独使用性诱剂和性诱剂-赤眼蜂协同防治的防治效果,寻找最佳防治方法及最佳防治时期。通过比较在不同配比下性诱剂与化学药剂(敌敌畏)协同防治效果,寻找最适配比。【结果】结果表明:(1)性诱剂-赤眼蜂协同防治效果为60.89%,明显优于单独使用性诱剂或赤眼蜂单独防治大豆食心虫。(2)性诱剂单独使用和性诱剂赤眼蜂协同防治大豆食心虫最佳防治时期都为其盛发期前5 d,防治效果最高可达62.42%和66.08%,其次是盛发期防治,盛发期后5 d防治效果最差。(3)性诱剂-化学药剂协同防治研究发现,从防治效果、经济效益、生态保护等多方面考虑,放每667 m2放1个诱捕器和3/4药量的敌敌畏熏蒸剂效果更佳,与使用化学药剂防治效果差差异不显著,并能减少农药使用量。【结论】研究结果表明,最佳生物防治策略为在大豆食心虫盛发期前5 d利用性诱剂-赤眼蜂协同防治大豆食心虫,每667 m2放1个诱捕器和3/4药量的敌敌畏熏蒸剂,可作为从化学防治向生物防治过渡的防治方法。

[Objectives] To optimize the biological control of the soybean pod borer, Leguminirora glycinioorella（Mats.） Obraztsov. [Methods] The effectiveness of different control methods for the soybean pod borer were compared to find the best method. The optimum application time was found by comparing the effectiveness of using sex pheromone alone, with that of using a combination of Trichogramma spp. and sex pheromones at different times of the year in Harbin and Heihe. A comparison of the effectiveness of using a combination of sex pheromone and different proportions of pesticide was conducted to determine the best ratio. [Results] The results showed that：（1） the effectiveness of a combination of Trichogramma spp. and sex pheromone was 60.89%, much better than that of using sex pheromone alone.（2） The two methods had the same optimum application time, which was five days before the peak of adult abundance. This achieved the best results for both methods of 62.42% and 66.08%, respectively, followed by application at the peak of adult abundance. Application five days after the peak of adult abundance produced the worst results.（3） Using traps and fumigants with 3/4 chemicals per 667 m2 was better from multiple viewpoints, such as control effectiveness, cost effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Although there was no significant difference in effectiveness compared to chemical pesticides, the new method can reduce pesticide use. [Conclusion] The best biological control method for the soybean pod borer is a combination of sex pheromone trapping and Trichogramma spp. deployed five days before the peak of adult abundance. A trap and fumigant with 3/4 chemicals per 667 m2 can reduce the use of pesticides, and serve as a transition from chemical to biological control.